latex ning grafik imkоniyatlari

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$издательская система latex 9-ma’ruza. latex ning grafik imkоniyatlari reja: latex ning grafik imkоniyatlari. illyustratsiyaning matnli strukturasi. asоsiy оb`ektlar va chizma buyruqlari. chiziq qalinligini o’rnatish. ranglar bilan ishlash. * “a picture is worth a thousand words.” an english idiom “as the chinese say, 1001 words is worth more than a picture.” john mccarthy, computer scientist * \includegraphics % \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{center} \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{hyperbola.png} \end{center} * tasvirlarni qo’yish rastrli tasvirlar: .png (tavsiya qilinadi) .jpg .bmp kamchiligi masshtablash paytida sifatni yo'qotish ("xiralashish") * tasvirlarni qo’yish rastr formati quyidagilarga mos kelmaydi: grafikalar diagrammalar sxemalar chizmalar * tasvirlarni qo’yish vektor tasvirlar: .pdf .eps .svg ! .png-ni .pdf-ga aylantirish yaxshi effekt bermaydi * tasvirlarni qo’yish vektorli tasvirni qanday yaratish mumkin? 1 vektorli grafik muharriridan foydalaning coreldraw adobe illustrator inkscape (ochiq manbali) va boshqalar ... 2 latex-ga o'rnatilgan grafikalar: pgf / tikz, matplotlib, gnuplot ... barchasi bepul, ochiq manba * tikz paketi pgf = portable graphics format tikz = …$

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$picture} * tikz paketi rasmni masshtablash misr uchburchagi \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \draw (0,0) -- (3,0) -- (3,4) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi rasmni masshtablash misr uchburchagi % options: ultra thin, very thin, thin, semithick, % thick, very thick, ultra thick, line width = ... \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \draw[very thick] (0,0) -- (3,0) -- (3,4) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi rasmni masshtablash misr uchburchagi % dotted, loosely dotted, densely dotted % dashed, loosely dashed, densely dashed % double, double distance = ... \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \draw[dashed, ultra thick] (0,0) -- (3,0) -- (3,4) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi rang, ottenka va zalivka misr uchburchagi % \usepackage[dvipsnames, svgnames, x11names]{xcolor} \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \draw[very thick, magenta] (0,0) -- (3,0) -- (3,4) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} diqqat xcolor to'plami tikz paketidan oldin kiritilishi kerak * tikz paketi rang, ottenka va zalivka misr uchburchagi % \usepackage[dvipsnames, svgnames, x11names]{xcolor} \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \draw[very thick, magenta, fill=skyblue] (0,0) -- (3,0) …$

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$-- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi rang, ottenka va zalivka misr uchburchagi % \usepackage[dvipsnames, svgnames, x11names]{xcolor} \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \fill[very thick, top color=skyblue, bottom color=orchid] (0,0) -- (3,0) -- (3,4) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi rang, ottenka va zalivka misr uchburchagi % \usepackage[dvipsnames, svgnames, x11names]{xcolor} \begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=2.0, yscale=0.8] \fill[very thick, inner color=darkblue, outer color=gold] (0,0) -- (3,0) -- (3,4) -- cycle; \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi strelkalar vektorli qo'shish uchun parallelogramm qoidasi \begin{tikzpicture} \draw[thick, ->, red] (0,0) -- (4,0); \draw[thick, ->, red] (0,0) -- (1,3); \draw[ultra thick, ->, blue] (0,0) -- (5,3); \draw[dashed] (4,0) -- (5,3) -- (1,3); \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi strelkalar vektorli qo'shish uchun parallelogramm qoidasi \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex] \draw[thick, ->, red] (0,0) -- (4,0); \draw[thick, ->, red] (0,0) -- (1,3); \draw[ultra thick, ->, blue] (0,0) -- (5,3); \draw[dashed] (4,0) -- (5,3) -- (1,3); \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi strelkalar vektorli qo'shish uchun parallelogramm qoidasi \begin{tikzpicture}[>=triangle 45] \draw[thick, ->, red] (0,0) -- (4,0); …$

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$lari \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex] \draw (1,1) circle (2cm); % окружность \fill[blue] (1,1) circle (2pt); % центр \draw[blue, ->] (1,1) -- (1,3); % радиус \end{tikzpicture} * zalivkalangan doiralar \begin{tikzpicture} \draw[fill=yellow] (0,0) circle (1); \fill[inner color=yellow, outer color=red] (1,1) circle (1); \shade[ball color=green] (2,2) circle (1); \end{tikzpicture} tikz paketi geometrik figuralar doira yoylari % \draw (a,b) arc (x:y:r); углы х и у - в градусах! \begin{tikzpicture} \draw[steelblue, ultra thick] (1,1) arc (20:60:2); \draw[steelblue, ultra thick] (0,0) arc (20:60:1.5); \draw[thick] (2,1) arc (0:-120:2); \end{tikzpicture} * to'rtburchak \begin{tikzpicture} \draw (0,0) rectangle (2,1); \draw[rounded corners=5pt] (3,0) rectangle (6,2); \fill[rounded corners=5pt, top color=red, bottom color=yellow] (7,2.5) rectangle (9,-1); \end{tikzpicture} tikz paketi geometrik figuralar boshqa raqamlar * diamond ellipse trapezium semicircle regular polygon star isosceles triangle kite dart circular sector cylinder ... tikz paketi egri chiziqlar egri chiziqlar \begin{tikzpicture} \draw[very thick] (0,0) to [out=90, in=195] (2,1.5); \end{tikzpicture} egri chiziq (0,0) nuqtani 90◦ burchak ostida qoldirib, (2,1,5) nuqtaga 195◦ burchak …$

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$1,0); % ох \draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,4.1); % оу \draw[thick, blue, domain=-2:2] plot (\x, {\x*\x}); \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi funktsiya grafiklari логарифм \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth] \draw[->] (-0.1,0) -- (6.1,0); % ох \draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,3); % оу \draw[thick, blue, domain=0.05:6] plot (\x, {ln(\x)+1}); \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi funktsiya grafiklari логарифм без изломов \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth] \draw[->] (-0.1,0) -- (6.1,0); % ох \draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,3); % оу \draw[thick, blue, domain=0.05:6, smooth, samples=200] plot (\x, {ln(\x)+1}); \end{tikzpicture} * tikz paketi funktsiya grafiklari % factorial(\x), sqrt(\x), pow(\x,y), exp(\x), % ln(\x), log10(\x), log2(\x), % abs(\x), mod(\x,y) (x modulo y), % round(\x) (rounds x to the nearest integer), % floor(\x) (the largest integer smaller than x), % ceil(\x) (the smallest integer larger than x), % sin(\x) (x is in degrees) % if x is expressed in radians use sin(\x r)), % cos(\x), cos(\x r)), tan(\x), tan(\x r)), % min(\x,y), max(\x,y) % rnd % ... * tikz paketi yozuvlar …$

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издательская система latex 9-ma’ruza. latex ning grafik imkоniyatlari reja: latex ning grafik imkоniyatlari. illyustratsiyaning matnli strukturasi. asоsiy оb`ektlar va chizma buyruqlari. chiziq qalinligini o’rnatish. ranglar bilan ishlash. * “a picture is worth a thousand words.” an english idiom “as the chinese say, 1001 words is worth more than a picture.” john mccarthy, computer scientist * \includegraphics % \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{center} \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{hyperbola.png} \end{center} * tasvirlarni qo’yish rastrli tasvirlar: .png (tavsiya qilinadi) .jpg .bmp kamchiligi masshtablash paytida sifatni yo'qotish ("xiralashish") * tasvirlarni qo’yish rastr formati quyidagilarga mos kelmaydi: grafikalar diagrammalar sxemalar chizmalar * tasvirlarni qo’yish vektor tasvirlar: .pd...

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