ishlab chiqarish nazariyasi

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10- mavzu: ishlab chiqarish nazariyasi 1. ishlab chiqarish jarayoni. ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi. ishlab chiqarish omillari va ularning turlari. 2. ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi, bir omilli va ko`p omilli ishlab chiqarish funksiyalari. 3. izokvanta tushunchasi. izokvantalar kartasi va uning xususiyatlari. izokvantaning yotikligi burchagi. 4. qiska va uzoq muddatlardagi ishlab chiqarish. o`zgaruvchan omilning yalpi, o`rtacha, chekli mahsulotlari va ular o`rtasidagi bog`liqlik. kapitalning chekli mahsuloti. mexnatning chekli maxsuloti. 5. etakchi tarmoq va sox.alarda maxsulot ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarini kamaytirishning asosiy yo’llari. ishlab chiqarish omillarining chekli maxsuldorligini kamayish konuni. ishlab chiqarish omillarining o`zaro almashuvi. chekli texnologik almashtirish normasi. 6. izokosta tushunchasi. izokosta tenglamasi. ishlab chiqarish omillari cheklangan sharoitda maxsulot ishlab chiqarishni maksimallashtirish masalasining qo`yilishi. maksimallashtirish masalasini grafik usuldagi echimi va optimallik sharti. ishlab chiqaruvchi muvozanati. tayanch so’z va iboralar: ishlab chiqarish jarayoni. ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi. ishlab chiqarish omillari va ularning turlari. ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi, bir omilli va ko`p omilli ishlab chiqarish funksiyalari. izokvanta tushunchasi. izokvantalar kartasi …

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izokvantalar kartasi - bu izokvantalar majmuasidan iborat bo`lib, ularning har biri ma’lum ishlab chiqarish omillari sarflari kombinasiyalariga to`g`ri keladigan maksimal ishlab chiqarish hajmini o`zida akslantiradi. ( kapital sarfi 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 5 4 1 m c n d a t e f b me h nat sarfi q 3 =100 q 2 =80 q 1 =60 ) 10.1- rasm. ishlab chiqarish omillari sarfi o`zgarishiga ko`ra stul ishlab chiqarish grafigi. ma’lum vaqt oralig`ida jami ishlab chiqarilgan mahsulotni umumiy mahsulot desak, o`rtacha mahsulot - umumiy mahsulotni ushbu mahsulotni ishlab chiqarish uchun sarflangan o`zgaruvchan ishlab chiqarish omillari sarfiga nisbati bilan aniqlanadi. , bu yerda: - umumiy mahsulot miqdori; - o`rtacha mahsulot; -sarflangan resurslar. chekli mahsulot - bu o`zgaruvchan resurslar kombinasiyasini kichik miqdorda qo`shimcha sarfi hisobidan umumiy mahsulotning o`sgan qismiga aytiladi. masalan, ishlab chiqarishda bitta omil, ya’ni faqat mehnat saflansa chekli mahsulot quyidagicha aniqlanadi: ; - qo`shimcha birlik mehnat sarfi …

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li texnologik almashtirish normasi deb yuritiladi va u ko`rinishida belgilanadi. o`z mohiyatiga ko`ra iste’mol nazariyasidagi chekli almashtirish normasi ga o`xshashdir: ( - kapital sarfining o` zgarishi - me h nat sarfining o` zgarishi ) bu yerda va lar bitta izokvantada bo`lgani uchun mahsulot ishlab chiqarish hajmi o`zgarmaydi (). robert l.sexton “exploring economics”[footnoteref:1] [1: robert l.sexton “exploring economics” 11.3 costs in the short run] 11.3 costs in the short run the short-run total costs of a business fall into two distinct categories: fixed costs and variable costs. fixed costs are costs that do not vary with the level of output. (examples include the rent on buildings or equipment that is fixed for some period of time, as well as insurance premiums and property taxes). fixed costs have to be paid even if no output is produced. in the short run, fixed costs cannot be avoided. the sum of the firm’s fixed …

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iew variable costs--costs that vary as output varies. marginal costs are the additional, or incremental, costs associated with the "last" unit of output produced. use what you’ve learned: marginal cost versus average total cost exhibit 1: a summary of the short-run cost concepts exhibit 2: cost calculations for pizza shack company the various cost concepts are illustrated graphically. a fixed cost curve is always a horizontal line because, by definition, fixed costs are the same at all output levels. the total cost (tc) curve is the summation of the total variable cost (tvc) and total fixed cost (tfc) curves. because the total fixed cost curve is horizontal, the total cost curve runs above and parallel to the variable cost curve. exhibit 3: total and fixed costs the average fixed cost (afc) curve constantly declines, approaching but never reaching zero. the marginal cost (mc) curve crosses the average variable cost (avc) …

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total cost (atc) curve is usually ushaped. the average cost per unit declines at first as output expands, but then starts increasing as output expands still further beyond a certain point. the reason for high average total costs when the firm is producing a very small amount of output is the high average fixed costs. it is the declining afc that is primarily responsible for the falling atc. the average total cost curve rises at high levels of output because of diminishing marginal product. diminishing marginal product sets in at the very bottom of the marginal cost curve. diminishing marginal product causes mc to increase, eventually causing the avc and atc curves to rise. at very large levels of output, where the plant approaches full capacity, the fixed plant is overutilized, and this leads to high mc that causes a high atc. exhibit 2: u-shaped average total cost curve in …

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10- mavzu: ishlab chiqarish nazariyasi 1. ishlab chiqarish jarayoni. ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi. ishlab chiqarish omillari va ularning turlari. 2. ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi, bir omilli va ko`p omilli ishlab chiqarish funksiyalari. 3. izokvanta tushunchasi. izokvantalar kartasi va uning xususiyatlari. izokvantaning yotikligi burchagi. 4. qiska va uzoq muddatlardagi ishlab chiqarish. o`zgaruvchan omilning yalpi, o`rtacha, chekli mahsulotlari va ular o`rtasidagi bog`liqlik. kapitalning chekli mahsuloti. mexnatning chekli maxsuloti. 5. etakchi tarmoq va sox.alarda maxsulot ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarini kamaytirishning asosiy yo’llari. ishlab chiqarish omillarining chekli maxsuldorligini kamayish konuni. ishlab chiqarish omillarining o`zaro almashuvi. chekli texnologik almashtirish norma...

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