literature and textual studies

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lecture ii. the notion of literature and its main branches what is literature, what is a text? and textual criticism are, therefore, frequently applied to the cinema and acoustic media. computer hypertexts and networks such as the internet are the latest hybrids of the textual and various media; here writing is linked to sounds, pictures or even video clips within an interdependent network. although the written medium is obviously the main concern in the study of literature or texts, this field of inquiry is also closely related to other media such as the stage, painting, film, music or even computer networks. as a result of the permeation of modern textual studies with unusual media, there have been major controversies as to the definition of “text.” many authors and critics have deliberately left the traditional paths of literature, abandoning old textual forms in order to find new ways of literary expression …

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ld classification is still in use, the tendency today is to abandon the term “epic” and introduce “prose,” “fiction,” or “prose fiction” for the relatively young literary forms of the novel and the short story. beside the genres which, describe general areas of traditional literature, the term text type has been introduced, under the influence of linguistics. texts which cannot be categorized under the canonical genres of fiction, drama, and poetry are now often dealt with in modern linguistics. scholars are looking at texts which were previously regarded as worthless or irrelevant for textual analysis. the term text type refers to highly conventional written documents such as instruction manuals, sermons, obituaries, advertising texts, catalogues, and scientific or scholarly writing. it can, of course, also include the three main literary genres and their sub-genres. a further key term in theoretical treatises on literary phenomena is discourse. like text type, it is …

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xt in which they appear. there have been various attempts to define "literature". simon and delyse ryan begin their attempt to answer the question "what is literature?" with the observation: the quest to discover a definition for "literature" is a road that is much travelled, though the point of arrival, if ever reached, is seldom satisfactory. most attempted definitions are broad and vague, and they inevitably change over time. in fact, the only thing that is certain about defining literature is that the definition will change. concepts of what is literature change over time as well. definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition".western europe in prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. a more restricted sense of the term emerged during the romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literature. contemporary debates over what constitutes …

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s it from ordinary speech or other kinds of writing (e.g., journalism). jim meyer considers this a useful characteristic in explaining the use of the term to mean published material in a particular field (e.g., "scientific literature"), as such writing must use language according to particular standards. the problem with the formalist definition is that in order to say that literature deviates from ordinary uses of language, those uses must first be identified; this is difficult because "ordinary language" is an unstable category, differing according to social categories and across history. etymologically, the term derives from latin literatura/litteratura "learning, a writing, grammar," originally "writing formed with letters," from litera/littera "letter". in spite of this, the term has also been applied to spoken or sung texts. poetry a calligram by guillaume apollinaire. these are a type of poem in which the written words are arranged in such a way to produce …

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prose is a form of language that possesses ordinary syntax and natural speech rather than rhythmic structure; in which regard, along with its measurement in sentences rather than lines, it differs from poetry. on the historical development of prose, richard graff notes that "[in the case of ancient greece] recent scholarship has emphasized the fact that formal prose was a comparatively late development, an "invention" properly associated with the classical period". · novel: a long fictional prose narrative. it was the form's close relation to real life that differentiated it from the chivalric romance; in most european languages the equivalent term is roman, indicating the proximity of the forms. in english, the term emerged from the romance languages in the late fifteenth century, with the meaning of "news"; it came to indicate something new, without a distinction between fact or fiction. although there are many historical prototypes, so-called "novels before …

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lecture ii. the notion of literature and its main branches what is literature, what is a text? and textual criticism are, therefore, frequently applied to the cinema and acoustic media. computer hypertexts and networks such as the internet are the latest hybrids of the textual and various media; here writing is linked to sounds, pictures or even video clips within an interdependent network. although the written medium is obviously the main concern in the study of literature or texts, this field of inquiry is also closely related to other media such as the stage, painting, film, music or even computer networks. as a result of the permeation of modern textual studies with unusual media, there have been major controversies as …

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