liver, gall bladder, and extra-hepatic biliary apparatus

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Updated Dec 2025

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gall bladder and extrahepatic biliary apparatus liver, gall bladder and extra-hepatic biliary apparatus liver liver is the largest gland in the body wt = ~ 1500g it lies in the rt & lt upper quadrants it receives ~ 1500 ml of blood/min it has: 2 surfaces: diaphragmatic visceral 1 border: inferior function includes: metabolism storage of glycogen secretion of bile detoxification of toxin production of lymph diaphragmatic surface of the liver diaphragmatic surface is sub-divided into: anterior, superior, posterior and right surfaces with no boundaries b/n sub-surfaces the diaphragmatic surface of the liver is related to the inferior surface of the diaphragm but is separated from it by the rt. & lt. sub-phrenic recesses, a recess of the peritoneal cavity diaphragmatic surface of the liver is divided into rt. & left anatomical lobes by the falciform ligament that attaches the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall the round …

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e liver that form impressions on visceral surface of the liver are: stomach including pylorus (gastric impression) 1st part of duodenum (duodenal impression - d) gallbladder (in gb fossa) rt colic flexure rt kidney (renal impression) rt suprarenal (sr) gland (sr impression) gastric impression d impression for rt. colic flexure renal impression sr impression gb porta hepatis anatomical lobes of the liver anatomically, the liver is divided into right & left lobes the lobes are separated, on visceral surface by fissure for ligamentum venosum (remnant of ductus venosus) & fissure for ligamentum teres (remnant of umbilical vein) on diaphragmatic surface, the lobes are separated by the falciform ligament the right anatomical lobe includes the caudate (c) & quadrate (q) lobes c q right lobe left lobe anatomical lobes con’t…. the liver is divided into anatomical lobes on the diaphragmatic surface by the falciform ligament functional (physiological) lobes of the liver …

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l ligament (b/n liver & duodenum) the hepatogastric lig.: passes b/n the groove for ligamentum venosum and the lesser curvature of the stomach the hepatoduodenal lig.: passes b/n porta hepatis & 1st part of duodenum it forms the free anterior border of the lesser omentum it encloses the portal triad (proper hepatic a, pv & bile duct), ln, lymph vessels hepatic plexus of nerves stability of the liver liver is held in position by: portal vein (attaches liver to splenic v & smv) hepatic veins (attach liver to the ivc) left and right triangular ligaments (attach liver to diaphragm) ligamentum teres (attaches liver to umbilicus) the stomach & hepatic flexure (provide support inferiorly) falciform ligament (attaches liver to under-surface of diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall) vessels of the liver two sources of blood reach the liver: portal vein delivers ~ 70% of the total blood delivered to the liver (~ …

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liver each vein is formed by union of several central veins of the liver each hepatic vein drains into ivc as the ivc passes through the liver and thus hepatic veins do not pass through the porta hepatis the hepatic veins contribute in securing the liver each hepatic vein drains both physiological lobes of the liver lymphatic drainage liver has superficial (subperitoneal) & deep lymphatic plexus both plexuses send efferent to hepatic ln that lie at porta hepatis & in the lesser omentum → celiac ln → cisterna chyli from posterior aspect of the liver lymph passes to phrenic ln at the bare area → posterior mediastinal ln from left lobe → lt gastric ln from anterior central diaphragmatic surface → parasternal ln along the falciform ligament around ligamentum teres → umbilicus & lymphatics of the anterior abdominal wall nerves of the liver liver is supplied by hepatic plexus constituents …

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rmed by folding of mucosa and is seen both in the neck of the gallbladder and its duct the spiral valve controls flow of bile by allowing bile to pass into: 1. the gallbladder when the sphincter of the bile duct and/or hepatopancreatic ampulla are/is closed or 2. into the bile duct when gallbladder contracts (in presence of fatty food in the digestive tract) infundibulum of the gallbladder or hartmann’s pouch is an outward finger-like projection of the mucosa of the neck of the gallbladder seen in a small percentage of the population. when present, it may be a site where gall stones collect. commonly, it is formed as a result of dilatation of the neck of the gallbladder due to disease condition of the gallbladder. when present, infundibulum lies close to 1st part of duodenum gb is related anteriorly to anterior abdominal wall and to visceral surface of the …

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gall bladder and extrahepatic biliary apparatus liver, gall bladder and extra-hepatic biliary apparatus liver liver is the largest gland in the body wt = ~ 1500g it lies in the rt & lt upper quadrants it receives ~ 1500 ml of blood/min it has: 2 surfaces: diaphragmatic visceral 1 border: inferior function includes: metabolism storage of glycogen secretion of bile detoxification of toxin production of lymph diaphragmatic surface of the liver diaphragmatic surface is sub-divided into: anterior, superior, posterior and right surfaces with no boundaries b/n sub-surfaces the diaphragmatic surface of the liver is related to the inferior surface of the diaphragm but is separated from it by the rt. & lt. sub-phrenic recesses, a recess of the peritoneal cavity …

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