microbiology in practical activity of doctors

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slide 1 significance of microbiology in practical activity of doctors. the history of microbiology. classification and structure of microorganisms. chair of microbiology, virology, and immunology lecture schedule history of microbiology. classification of bacteria. structure of bacterial cell microbiology is a science, which study most shallow living creatures - microorganisms. before inventing of microscope humanity was in dark about their existence. but during the centuries people could make use of processes vital activity of microbes for its needs. they could prepare a koumiss, alcohol, wine, vinegar, bread, and other products. during many centuries the nature of fermentations remained incomprehensible. brueghel: the triumph of death (1560) microbiology learns morphology, physiology, genetics and microorganisms systematization, their ecology and the other life forms. specific classes of microorganisms algae protozoa fungi (yeasts and molds) bacteria rickettsiae viruses prions the microorganisms are extraordinarily widely spread in nature. they literally ubiquitous forward us from birth to our …

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hologic physiologic prophylactic development of microbiological science was interlinked with art of glass and diamonds grinding. this brought to creation of the first microscope by hans and zacharian jansen in holland in 1590. the discovery of microorganisms is associated with the name of antony van leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). in 1683 leeuwenhoek described the basic bacterium forms. his scientific supervisions leeuwenhoek described in special letters and sent off them to the london royal scientific society. he sent away about 300 letters. the leeuwenhoek’s letters brought on enormous surprise among english scientists. they opened a fantastic world of invisible creatures. he named them “living animals" (animalcula viva) and in one of letter wrote: “in my mouth there are more animacula viva, than peoples in all united kingdom". these wonderful discovery of dutch naturalist were the embryo, with which science of bacteria developed. namely from these times starts the so-called morphological period in microbiology …

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ysiological period has began not less important are scientific works of celebrated german scientist r. koch. he performed classic researches on etiology of anthrax, opened tuberculosis bacilli, cholera vibrio, proposed to isolate pure bacterial cultures on solid nutrient media (gelatin, potatoes), developed the preparations staining methods by aniline dye-stuffs, method of hanging drop for examination of bacteria motility, offered apparatus for sterilization the patriarch of world and ukrainian microbiology - i. metchnikov he studied inflammation pathology, phagocytosis, bases about antagonism of bacteria. from all microbes-antagonists i.metchnikov preferred the lactic bacteria. on their base he offered three medical preparations - sour clotted milk, yogurt and lactobacillin. now they are called by eubiotics. classic metchnikov's researches defined a prophylactic period in microbiology history. in 1892 d. ivanovskiy described an virus of mosaic tobacco illness – new class of infectious agents microorganisms constitute a very antique group of living organisms which appeared on …

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o yes yes prokaryotes classification systems in the procaryotae microscopic morphology macroscopic morphology – colony appearance physiological / biochemical characteristics chemical analysis serological analysis genetic and molecular analysis g + c base composition dna analysis using genetic probes nucleic acid sequencing and rrna analysis bacterial taxonomy based on bergey’s manual bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology – five volume resource covering all known procaryotes classification based on genetic information –phylogenetic two domains: archaea and bacteria five major subgroups with 25 different phyla taxonomy domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species major taxonomic groups of bacteria vol 1a: domain archaea primitive, adapted to extreme habitats and modes of nutrition vol 1b: domain bacteria vol 2-5: phylum proteobacteria – gram-negative cell walls phylum firmicutes – mainly gram-positive with low g + c content phylum actinobacteria – gram-positive with high g + c content microbial phylogeny phylogeny of domain bacteria the 2nd edition …

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amily enterobacteriaceae, the “gram-negative enteric bacteria,” which includes genera escherichia, proteus, enterobacter, klebsiella, salmonella, shigella, serratia, and others the family pseudomonadaceae, which includes genus pseudomonas and related genera other medically important proteobacteria include genera haemophilus, vibrio, camphylobacter, helicobacter, rickessia, brucella microbial phylogeny phylogeny of domain bacteria (cont.) phylum firmicutes “low g + c gram-positive” bacteria divided into 3 classes class i – clostridia; includes genera clostridium and desulfotomaculatum, and others class ii – mollicutes; bacteria in this class cannot make peptidoglycan and lack cell walls; includes genera mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and others class iii – bacilli; includes genera bacillus, lactobacillus, streptococcus, lactococcus, geobacillus, enterococcus, listeria, staphylococcus, and others microbial phylogeny phylogeny of domain bacteria (cont.) phylum actinobacteria “high g + c gram-positive” bacteria includes genera actinomyces, streptomyces, corynebacterium, micrococcus, mycobacterium, propionibacterium phylum chlamidiae small phylum containing the genus chlamydia microbial phylogeny phylogeny of domain bacteria (cont.) phylum spirochaetes the spirochaetes characterized …

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slide 1 significance of microbiology in practical activity of doctors. the history of microbiology. classification and structure of microorganisms. chair of microbiology, virology, and immunology lecture schedule history of microbiology. classification of bacteria. structure of bacterial cell microbiology is a science, which study most shallow living creatures - microorganisms. before inventing of microscope humanity was in dark about their existence. but during the centuries people could make use of processes vital activity of microbes for its needs. they could prepare a koumiss, alcohol, wine, vinegar, bread, and other products. during many centuries the nature of fermentations remained incomprehensible. brueghel: the triumph of death (1560) microbiology learns morphology, physiology, ge...

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