female reproductive system

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Updated Dec 2025

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haemorrhage female reproductive system the female reproductive system consists of: a- the ovaries (female gonads): the ovaries are the primary sex organs in the female. they have 2 functions: 1- oogenesis: formation of ova. 2- endocrine function: secretion of: - estrogen. - progesterone. - inhibin. - relaxin. - small amount of testosterone. b- the secondary sex organs: 1- the uterus. 2- the 2 uterine tubes. 3- the vagina. 4- the external genitalia. 5- the bartholin glands. the sex cycles in the females: there are 2 cycles occurring every 28 days in the female reproductive system. these are the ovarian cycle and menstrual (uterine) cycle. they occur regularly from puberty to menopause and stop only during pregnancy or by disease. ovarian cycle each ovarian cycle is composed of 3 phases: 1- follicular phase. 2- ovulation phase. 3- luteal phase. the follicular phase 1- several primordial follicles start to grow under effect …

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reasing the secretion of the follicular fluid. 2- stimulating the follicular cells to secrete proteolytic enzyme. the luteal phase its duration is about 14 days. the corpus luteum is formed during this phase. the corpus luteum (luteal cells) secretes progesterone and estrogen. lh stimulates the corpus luteum formation and secretion. formation of corpus luteum: a) the ruptured follicle is filled with blood forming a corpus hemorrhagicum. b) the blood is gradually absorbed. c) the follicular cells enlarge and a yellowish lipid material appears in their cytoplasm. d) these cells are called the luteal cells. fate of the corpus luteum: 1- if pregnancy occurs, it persists and grows further (corpus luteum of pregnancy) by the effect of hcg. 2- if pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum (corpus luteum of menstruation) begins to degenerate and replaced by scar tissue (corpus albicans). the menstrual cycle the menstrual cycle is the structural and …

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layer. 1- rapid increase in thickness of endometrium (3-4 mm thick) due to growth and proliferation of functional endometrium. 2- uterine glands increase in thickness but they do not secrete. 3- spiral arteries develop and stromal cells increase in number. 4- surface epithelium is generated from epithelium of uterine glands. hormonal control: this phase is controlled by estrogen secreted from theca interna cells of graafian follicle under effect of lh. so, it is also called estrogenic or follicular phase. the secretory phase duration: from the 14th day to the 28th day (from ovulation to the first day in the next uterine cycle). changes: during this phase, the endometrium is prepared for implantation of ovum through the following changes: 1- further thickening of the endometrium reaching about 5-6 mm thick. 2- deposition of large quantities of fat, protein and glycogen in the endometrial cells. 3- the endometrium becomes more vascularized and …

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haemorrhage female reproductive system the female reproductive system consists of: a- the ovaries (female gonads): the ovaries are the primary sex organs in the female. they have 2 functions: 1- oogenesis: formation of ova. 2- endocrine function: secretion of: - estrogen. - progesterone. - inhibin. - relaxin. - small amount of testosterone. b- the secondary sex organs: 1- the uterus. 2- the 2 uterine tubes. 3- the vagina. 4- the external genitalia. 5- the bartholin glands. the sex cycles in the females: there are 2 cycles occurring every 28 days in the female reproductive system. these are the ovarian cycle and menstrual (uterine) cycle. they occur regularly from puberty to menopause and stop only during pregnancy or by disease. ovarian …

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