the ovarian hormones

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haemorrhage the ovarian hormones the ovarian hormones 1- estrogen. 2- progesterone. 3- relaxin. 4- inhibin. estrogen actions of estrogen: 1- primary sex organs (ovaries): a) estrogen facilitates the growth of the ovarian follicles. b) estrogen stimulates lh surge. therefore they are essential for ovulation and corpus luteum formation. 2- secondary sex organs: estrogens are responsible for the growth, development and maintenance of secondary sex organs. a) uterus: -endometrium: estrogens stimulate the regeneration of functional layer during the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle and slight additional proliferation in the secretory phase. -myometrium: estrogens increase: 1- the uterine blood flow. 2- the amount of contractile proteins (actin and myosin). 3- excitability and spontaneous contractility. 4- sensitivity to oxytocin. b) the uterine cervix: estrogens make the cervical mucus thin and alkaline. c) vagina: estrogens cause stratification and keratinization (cornification) of the vagina → increased resistance to infection and trauma. d) the uterine tubes: …

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h of ducts, nipple and stroma of breast. -deposition of fat in breast. -estrogens increase the blood flow of breast. 5- interrelation between estrogens and other hormones: a) estrogens control the secretion of gths. b) estrogens stimulate prolactin secretion during pregnancy. c) estrogens cause acth secretion and enlargement of adrenal cortex. d) estrogens sensitize the myometrium to oxytocin action. 6- metabolic actions of estrogens: a) estrogens have protein anabolic effect mainly on sexual organs and bones. b) estrogens accelerate fusion of the epiphyses. c) estrogens lower the plasma cholesterol level. d) estrogens cause salt and water retention. e) estrogens increase the secretion of angiotensinogen. f) estrogens increase the formation of thyroid-binding globulin. progesterone actions of progesterone: a) on secondary sex organs: 1- uterus: progesterone controls the secretory phase of menstrual cycle. thus, preparing the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum. it helps implantation of the fertilized ovum and formation …

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produce natriuresis. relaxin it is polypeptide hormone secreted by corpus luteum and placenta. in male, it is produced by prostate gland and is found in the semen. actions of the relaxin: 1- it relaxes the pelvic ligaments of symphysis pubis and other pelvic joints. 2- it softens and dilates the uterine cervix during pregnancy. 3- it inhibits uterine contractions. 4- in male, it plays role in maintaining the motility of the sperm and its ability to penetrate the ovum. inhibin it is polypeptide hormone secreted by sertoli cells in male and the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles in female. it inhibits fsh secretion by direct –ve feedback action on the anterior pituitary gland. prolactin actions of prolactin: 1- it shares in the development of mammary glands at puberty and during pregnancy (with other hormones). 2- it stimulates milk formation and secretion after the birth of baby. this requires: a) previous …

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ctions of the placenta 1- respiratory function: the deoxygenated fetal blood enters the placenta via 2 umbilical arteries and returns back through the umbilical vein into the fetus. 2- nutritional function: the placenta supplies all nutritional elements to the fetus from the maternal blood. 3- excretory function: excretory products formed in the fetus diffuse into the maternal blood. 4- protective function: placenta acts as barrier against the transfer of certain harmful materials into the fetus. 5- storage function: amounts of glycogen, protein and some elements (calcium and iron) are stored in the placenta. 6- endocrine function: the placenta secretes the following hormones: 1-human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg). 2-human chorionic somatomammotropin (hcs). 3- estrogens. 4- progesterone. 5- relaxin.

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haemorrhage the ovarian hormones the ovarian hormones 1- estrogen. 2- progesterone. 3- relaxin. 4- inhibin. estrogen actions of estrogen: 1- primary sex organs (ovaries): a) estrogen facilitates the growth of the ovarian follicles. b) estrogen stimulates lh surge. therefore they are essential for ovulation and corpus luteum formation. 2- secondary sex organs: estrogens are responsible for the growth, development and maintenance of secondary sex organs. a) uterus: -endometrium: estrogens stimulate the regeneration of functional layer during the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle and slight additional proliferation in the secretory phase. -myometrium: estrogens increase: 1- the uterine blood flow. 2- the amount of contractile proteins (actin and myosin). 3- excitability and spontaneous c...

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