lecture 1 language and speech levels

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lecture 1 lecture 1 language and speech levels problems to be discussed - language and speech levels - primary and secondary levels - units of levels - the difference between language and speech language (speech) is divided to certain strata or levels. the linguists distinguish basic and nonbasic (sometimes they term them differently: primary and secondary) levels. this distinction depends on whether a level has got its own unit or not. if a level has its own unit then this level is qualified as basic or primary. if a level doesn't have a unit of its own then it is a non - basic or secondary level. thus the number of levels entirely depend on how many language (or speech) units in language. basic levels (primary) conception 1 some scientists say that there are four units: -phoneme/phone; -morpheme/morph; -lexeme/lex - sentence conception 2 others think that there are five units …

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ete, changeable and actually endless. this means that language units (phonemes) are represented in speech differently which depends on the person that pronounces them and on the combinability of the phoneme. “idiolect" individual dialect compare: low and battle “light” and “dark” version allophone is a variant of a phoneme. 2. morphological level: one term for both language and speech but the units have different terms: morpheme for language & morph for speech. the morphs that have different forms, but identical (similar) meanings are united into one morpheme and called "allomorphs". the morpheme of the past tense has at least three allomorphs, they are. /t/, /d/, /id/ - examples: worked, phoned and wanted. the variant of the morpheme depends on the preceding sound in the word. 3. lexicological level: (words) word may be a common term for language and speech units. some linguists offer specific terms for language and speech: "lexeme" …

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cs studies the expressive means and stylistic devices of languages. according to i.r. galperin "the expressive means of a language are those phonetic means, morphological forms, means of word -building, and lexical, phraseological and syntactical form, all of which function in the language for emotional or logical intensification of the utterance. these intensifying forms of the language, wrought by social usage and recognized by their semantic function have been fixed in grammars, dictionaries". language units and speech units the linguistics differentiates language units and speech units. the main distinction between language and speech is in the following: 1) language is abstract and speech is concrete; 2) language is common, general for all the bearers while speech is individual; 3) language is stable, less changeable while speech tends to changes; 4) language is a closed system, its units are limited while speech tend to be openness and endless. conclusion the language …

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lecture 1 lecture 1 language and speech levels problems to be discussed - language and speech levels - primary and secondary levels - units of levels - the difference between language and speech language (speech) is divided to certain strata or levels. the linguists distinguish basic and nonbasic (sometimes they term them differently: primary and secondary) levels. this distinction depends on whether a level has got its own unit or not. if a level has its own unit then this level is qualified as basic or primary. if a level doesn't have a unit of its own then it is a non - basic or secondary level. thus the number of levels entirely depend on how many language (or speech) …

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