lecture 3. morphology as the study of internal structure of words

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слайд 1 lecture 3. morphology as the study of internal structure of words the most basic concept of morphology is the concept of a word . every speaker of every language knows thousands of words. words are the results of our mental grammar. without words we would be unable to convey out thoughts through language. at the same time, we may know thousands of words and still not know the language. there are two different notions of word: a dictionary word a text word a dictionary word is an abstract entity called a lexeme (this is because the mental dictionary in our heads is called the lexicon ). a text word is a concrete entity called a word-form. word-forms are concrete as they can be pronounced and used in texts. the set of word-forms that belongs to a lexeme represents its grammatical paradigm . ex: live , lives, lived , …

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ere primarily morphologists. we find a number of lists of morphological forms of sumerian words (sumerian was the traditional literary language of mesopotamia) on clay tablets, dating from around 1600 bc. youngest: the term morphology was invented in the second part of the 19th century and it means “the science of word forms” ( morphe = “form”, ology = “science of” or “branch of knowledge of”). earlier there was no need for a special term, because the term grammar mostly implied word structure, i.e. morphology. the terms phonology (for sound structure) and syntax (for sentence structure) had existed for centuries when the term morphology was introduced. thus, in this sense, morphology is a young discipline . every word in every language is composed of one or more morphemes: one morpheme boy two morphemes boy + ish three morphemes boy + ish + ness four morphemes gentle + man + li …

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‘s) . morphemes can be free and bound free morphemes can only be represented by root morphemes. for instance boy , desire , gentle , man bound morphemes cannot form words by themselves (prefixes, suffixes and inflexions). ex: handful the root hand is a free morpheme, the suffix -ful is a bound morpheme. study questions: 1. define the concept of a dictionary word. 2. define the concept of a text word. 3. what is a grammatical paradigm of a lexeme (i.e. dictionary word)? 4. what do we call a word family? 5. name the types of morphological relationship among words in modern english grammar and explain how they differ from each other. 6. what does morphology study? 7. when was the term “morphology” invented? what does it mean? 8. define the concept of a morpheme. 10. define the concept of a root. 11. name the types of affixal morphemes and …

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слайд 1 lecture 3. morphology as the study of internal structure of words the most basic concept of morphology is the concept of a word . every speaker of every language knows thousands of words. words are the results of our mental grammar. without words we would be unable to convey out thoughts through language. at the same time, we may know thousands of words and still not know the language. there are two different notions of word: a dictionary word a text word a dictionary word is an abstract entity called a lexeme (this is because the mental dictionary in our heads is called the lexicon ). a text word is a concrete entity called a word-form. word-forms are …

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