variants of the english language

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powerpoint presentation variants of the english language lecture 15 1. the main variants of the english language every language allows different kinds of variations: geographical; territorial; stylistic and others. for historical and economic reasons the english language has spread over vast territories. it is the national language of: england proper, the usa, australia, new zealand, some provinces of canada. it is the official language in: wales, scotland, in gibraltar, on the island of malta. standard english may be defined as that form of english which is current and literary, substantially uniform and recognized as acceptable wherever english is spoken or understood. standard english is the variety most widely accepted and understood either within an english-speaking country or throughout the entire english-speaking world. variants of english are regional variants possessing a literary norm. there are distinguished variants existing on the territory of the united kingdom: british english, scottish english, irish english), …

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e scottish law distinguishes between pupils (to age 12 for girls and 14 for boys) and minors (older children up to 18); some words used in scottish english have equivalents in british english, e.g. (sce) extortion – (bre) blackmail; the distinctiveness of scottish english derived from the influence of other languages, especially gaelic, norwegian, and french., e.g., gaelic borrowings include: cairn – ‘a pile of stones that marks the top of a mountain or some other special place’; sporran – ‘a small furry bag that hangs in front of a man’s kilt as part of traditional scottish dress’ many words which have the same form, but different meanings in scottish english and british english, e.g. the word gate in scottish english means ‘road’; some scottish words and expressions are used and understood across virtually the whole country, e.g. dinnae (don’t), wee (‘small’), kirk (‘church’), lassie (‘girl’). irish english subsumes all …

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hared with scottish english, e.g. : ava – ‘at all’; greet – ‘cry, weep’; brae – ‘hill, steep slope’. besides distinctive features in lexis irish english has grammatical, phonetical and spelling peculiarities of its own, e.g. : the use of ‘does be/ do be’ construction in the following phrase: ‘they do be talking on their mobiles a lot’; the plural form of you is distinguished from the singular, normally by using the otherwise archaic english word ye to denote plurality, e.g. ‘did ye all go to see it?’ variants of english outside the british isles: american english, canadian english, australian english, new zealand english, south african english, indian english, etc. american english is the variety of the english language spoken in the usa. the first wave of english-speaking immigrants was settled in north america in the 17th century. there were also people who spoke dutch, french, german, spanish, swedish, and …

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lly canadian words are called canadianisms, e.g. : parkade – ‘parking garage’; chesterfield – ‘a sofa, couch’; to fathom out – ‘to explain’, to table a document – ‘to present it’, whereas in american english it means ‘to withdraw it from consideration’. australian english is similar to british english, but also borrows from american english, e.g. truck is used instead of lorry. the exposure to the different spellings of british and american english leads to a certain amount of spelling confusion, e.g. behaviour as opposed to behavior. uniquely australian terms: outback – remote regional areas; walkabout – a long journey of certain length; bush – native forested areas. australian english has a unique set of diminutives formed by adding –o or –ie to the ends of words: arvo (afternoon), servo (service station), barbie (barbecue), bikkie (biscuit). a very common feature of traditional australian english is rhyming slang based on cockney …

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d idioms it is in idioms, in different metaphoric phrases that new zealand english has made most progress or divergence. often they reflect significant differences in culture., e.g. : up the puhoi without a paddle –‘to be difficulties without an obvious solution’; sticky beak – ‘someone unduly curious about people’s affairs’. the latter idiom in australia is quite pejorative whereas in new zealand it is used with more affection and usually as a tease. south african english is the variety of the english language used in south africa and surrounding counties (namibia, zimbabwe). it is a mother tongue only for 40 % of the white inhabitants and a tiny minority of black inhabitants of the region. south african english bears some resemblance in pronunciation to a mix of australian and british english. in south african english there are words that do not exist in british and american english, usually derived …

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powerpoint presentation variants of the english language lecture 15 1. the main variants of the english language every language allows different kinds of variations: geographical; territorial; stylistic and others. for historical and economic reasons the english language has spread over vast territories. it is the national language of: england proper, the usa, australia, new zealand, some provinces of canada. it is the official language in: wales, scotland, in gibraltar, on the island of malta. standard english may be defined as that form of english which is current and literary, substantially uniform and recognized as acceptable wherever english is spoken or understood. standard english is the variety most widely accepted and understood either within an english-speaking country or through...

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