kimyo — 7 — 2022

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175 sahifa kimyo — 7 — 2022 — PDF

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Sahifalar 175

Yangilangan May 2026

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toshkent–2022 3 mundarija i bob. moddalar 1. kimyo fani va uning vazifalari ..................................................................................... 2. modda va uning xossalari ........................................................................................... 3. kimyo xonasidagi jihozlar bilan ishlashda mehnat xavfsizligi qoidalari bilan tanishishi......................................................................................................................... 4. amaliy mashg‘ulot. laboratoriya shtativi, spirt lampa, gaz gorelkalari, elektr isitgich bilan ishlash .............................................................................................. 5. sof modda va aralashmalar........................................................................................ 6. amaliy mashg‘ulot: aralashmalar tarkibidan sof moddani ajratish (ifl oslangan osh tuzini tozalash) ..................................................................................... 7. moddalarning agregat holatining o‘zgarishi ................................................................ 8. fizik va kimyoviy hodisalar ......................................................................................... 9. 4-amaliy mashg‘ulot: kundalik hayotda, xo‘jalikda sodir bo‘layotgan kimyoviy jarayonlarni kuzatish va tavsifl ash...................................................................................................... 10. masalalar yechish ..................................................................................................... ii.bob. kimyoviy element, kimyoviy belgi 1. atom ........................................................................................................................... 2. atom va uning tuzilishi, proton, neytron va elektronlar ............................................... 3. kimyoviy element. kimyoviy belgi .............................................................................. 4. kimyoviy elementning nisbiy

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atom massasi ............................................................... 5. izotoplar. izobarlar. izotonlar ...................................................................................... 6. kimyoviy formula. valentlik ......................................................................................... 7. molekula. nisbiy molekulyar massa ........................................................................... 8. oddiy va murakkab moddalar..................................................................................... 9. modda miqdori. avogadro doimiysi. moddaning molyar massasi ............................... 10. amaliy mashg‘ulot. birikmalardagi elementlarning valentliklarini aniqlashl .............. 11. amaliy mashg‘ulot. kimyoviy formulalar asosida hisoblashga oid masalalar yechish ........................................................................................................... 12. kimyoviy reaksiyalarning tenglamalarini tuzish ........................................................ 13. kimyoviy reaksiyalarning tenglamalarini tuzishga oid mashqlar bajarish ................. iii bob. 1. kimyoviy elementlarning tavsifl anishi ......................................................................... 2. kimyoviy elementlarning tabiiy oilalari ........................................................................ 3. kimyoviy elementlar davriy jadvali.............................................................................. 4. bobga doir testlar yechish, mashqlar bajarish ............................................................ iv bob. havo. yonish 1. havoni ifl oslanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar .................................................................. 2. kislorodning umumiy tavsifi ........................................................................................ 3. kislorodning fi zik xossalari va ishlatilishi .................................................................... 4 4. kislorodning fi zik xos

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salari va ishlatilishi .................................................................... 5. kislorodning kimyoviy xossalari .................................................................................. 6. yonish ......................................................................................................................... 7. amaliy mashg‘ulot alanga tuzilishi va moddalarning kislorodda yonishi .................... 8. ozon va uning ishlatilishi ............................................................................................ 9. kislorodning biologik ahamiyati .................................................................................. 10. oksidlar .................................................................................................................... 11. bobga oid masala va mashqlar yechish ................................................................... v. bob. vodorod 1. vodorod ...................................................................................................................... 2. amaliy mashg‘ulot. vodorodning olinishi va uning xossalarini sinash ........................ 3. vodorodning xossalari va ishlatilishi ........................................................................... 4. kislotalar ..................................................................................................................... 5. amaliy mashg‘ulot: kislotalarning olinishi va xossalari ............................................... 6. amaliy mashg‘ulot: kislotalarning metallar bilan o‘zaro ta’siri .................................... 7. kislotali yomg‘irlar....................................................................................................... 8. mashq va masalalar yechish ...................................................................................... vi bob suv 1. suvning tarkibi ............................................................................................................

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2. suvning agregat holatlari va tabiatda aylanishi .......................................................... 3. suvning fi zik xossalari ................................................................................................ 4. suvning kimyoviy xossalari......................................................................................... 5. amaliy mashg‘ulot: suvning oksidlar bilan o‘zaro ta’sir .............................................. 6. neytrallanish reaksiyalari............................................................................................ 7. suvning ifl oslanishi va uni tozalash usullari................................................................ 8. masalalar yechish ....................................................................................................... 9. masalalar yechish ....................................................................................................... vii bob inson organizmidagi kimyoviy elementlar va birikmalar 1. tirik organizmlardagi kimyoviy elementlar va ularning ahamiyati ............................... 2. oqsillar. yog‘lar. uglevodlar ........................................................................................ 3. vitaminlar .................................................................................................................... 4. minerallarning inson hayotidagi ahamiyati.................................................................. 5. olma tarkibini aniqlash ............................................................................................... viii bob foydali qazilmalar 1. geologik kimyoviy birikmalar ...................................................................................... 2. o‘zbekistondagi foydali qazilmalar va konlar.............................................................. 3. foydali qazilmalarni ishlab chiqarishdagi ekologik aspektlar ..................................... 4. barqaror taraqqiyot maqsadlari ............

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...................................................................... 5 hurmatli yettinchi sinf o‘quvchilari! bu o‘quv yilida siz birinchi marta ajoyib fan – kimyo bilan tanisha boshlaysiz. kimyo “mo‘jizaviy o‘zgarishlar sanoati” deb ham ataladi. bu tabiatda mavjud bo‘lmagan materiallarni sintez qilish imkonini beradi, ular barcha turdagi mashinalar va qurilmalarni ishlab chiqishda, uy-joy qurishda, kiyim-kechak va poyabzal ishlab chiqarishda ishlatiladi. kimyo bizning atrofi mizda: nima qilsak ham, qo‘limizda nima bo‘lmasin, hamma joyda turli moddalarning o‘zgarishi, ya’ni kimyoviy reaksiyalar hamroh bo‘ladi. qo‘lingizda ushlab turgan darslik sizga maktab kimyo kursidagi eng muhim kimyoviy tushunchalar, qonunlar, nazariyalar va faktlarni ongli ravishda o‘zlashtirishga yordam beradi; kimyoviy formulalar, kimyoviy reaksiyalar tenglamalarini tuzish, kimyoviy masalalarni yechish malakalarini egallash orqali siz moddalarning kimyoviy o‘zgarishlarining mohiyatini tushunishni o‘rganasiz, hatto kimyoviy eksperiment natijalarini oldindan aytib bera olasiz. ushbu darslikni o‘rganganingizdan so‘ng siz eng muhim kimyoviy elementlarning ochilish tarixi va ularning nomlari, ular bilan bog‘liq afsonalarni bilib olasiz. siz taniqli kimyogarlarning hayot sahifalari va ularning kashfi yotlari bilan tanishasiz. …

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toshkent–2022 3 mundarija i bob. moddalar 1. kimyo fani va uning vazifalari ..................................................................................... 2. modda va uning xossalari ........................................................................................... 3. kimyo xonasidagi jihozlar bilan ishlashda mehnat xavfsizligi qoidalari bilan tanishishi......................................................................................................................... 4. amaliy mashg‘ulot. laboratoriya shtativi, spirt lampa, gaz gorelkalari, elektr isitgich bilan ishlash .............................................................................................. 5. sof modda va aralashmalar.................................................................................

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