organik-kimyo-a.abdusamatov

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a. abdusamatov, r. mirzayev, r. ziyayev e d g ^ s g d d n i k i m y o akademik litsey va kasb-hunar kollejlari uchun g / , organik birik m alarning a so siy sin fla r i s asos1[y funksional gruppalar va ularning hosilalari h g -(c i,b r,i,f ) galogenlar -o h spirt,fenol -c nh aldegid > c = o keton ✓ ° -c 4 o h kislota >c =c c=c ho-r-c ch n oksialdegid h o -r -c r oksiketon h o -r -c ch o n oksikislota ho to >c=c c b c -c chn xloral p hoch2(ch)4c oh h glukoza 0 r - c s h oh aldokislota ° > - r f h t 1=to yn aide c=c c = o keton nzsch .ssngvg o bromaseton ch2(ch-on)3cch2 on oon fruktoza q v ' ° ii s o n 2-formilsimogcksanon c o …

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i lgan o ‘ziga xos xu- susiyatlari uglerod a t o m in in g tuzil ishi b ilan tushunt ir i ladi . ug le rod a to m in in g to ' r t t a valent e lekt roni b o ‘lib, uglerod a tomlar i boshqa a to m la r bi lan. shun ingd ek , bir-biri bilan u m u m iy e lekt ron i(ift 1 a r hosil qiladi. bunda h a r qaysi uglerod a to m in in g tashqi pog 'onas ida 8 ta e lekt ron (okte t ) hosil b o ‘ladi. organ ik b i r ikmala rda uglerod a to m in in g oksidlanish darajasi u hosil q i l a d i g a n bogman ish so n ig a inos k e l m a y d i , …

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u la r b i r ikmalar sinteziga asos soldi. k o ‘p organik m odd al ar ni sintez qildi. orga n ik m o d d a la r n in g tuzil ish nazariyasi: 1 . m o lek u lad a a to m la r tart ibsiz joy lashgan etnas , balki ular bir-biri bi lan valent liklariga muvofiq ravishda m a ’lum izchil l ikda bi r ikkan. m oleku lada a t o m l a r n i n g b u n d a y izchil l ikda birikishi k imyoviy tuzil ish deyiladi. 2. m o d d a la r n in g xossalari uning molekulas i ta rkibida qanday a t o m l a r va q a n c h a m iq d o rd a b o ‘lishigagina emas , balki u larning kimyoviy …

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neytral m o d d a , n o , o h va s 0 2( 0 h ) , kuchl i k is lota lar h i soblanadi . bunga sabab bu m o d d a l a r bi lan b o g ‘langan a to m la r h a m d a a to m la r g ruppa s in ing o ' z a r o t a ’siridir. bir-bi riga bevosita b o g ‘la n m ag a n a t o m l a r h a m o ' z a r o t a ’sir k o ‘rsatadi. misol u ch u n , x lore tan s n , —c h 2—cl bi lan vinil xlorid c h 2= c h —cl da x lorning reaksiyaga kirishish qobiliyati t u r l i ch a bo ' …

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y o 'q o tg an emas. f an n in g yangi yu tu q la r i bu n az a r iy an i yang i dal i l la r b i l an b o y i t m o q d a va un ing asosiy m a ’nosi t o ‘g ‘ri ekanlig in i i sbot lamoqda . o r g a n i k b i r i k m a l a r n i n g tu z i l i s h i n i o ‘rg an is h hozi rg i k u n d a h a m o r g a n i k k i m y o n i n g asos iy v a z i f a l a r i d a n bi ri bomib kel - m …

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a. abdusamatov, r. mirzayev, r. ziyayev e d g ^ s g d d n i k i m y o akademik litsey va kasb-hunar kollejlari uchun g / , organik birik m alarning a so siy sin fla r i s asos1[y funksional gruppalar va ularning hosilalari h g -(c i,b r,i,f ) galogenlar -o h spirt,fenol -c nh aldegid > c = o keton ✓ ° -c 4 o h kislota >c =c c=c ho-r-c ch n oksialdegid h o -r -c r oksiketon h o -r -c ch o n oksikislota ho to >c=c c b c -c chn xloral p hoch2(ch)4c oh h glukoza 0 r - c s h oh aldokislota ° > - r …

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