9-sinf jaxon tarixi 2-chorak

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jahon tarixi 9-sinf umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarining 9-sinfi uchun darslik o‘zbekiston respublikasi maktabgacha va maktab ta’limi vazirligi tomonidan nashrga tavsiya etilgan yangi nashr toshkent — 2024 rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm …

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yerlari (tyuringiya, saksoniya, vyurtemberg, frankoniya, reyn viloyati, bavariya, shvabiya va boshqalar), markaziy yevropadan sharqdagi bosib olingan hududlar, gabsburglarning avstriyadagi meros mulklari, chex taxtiga qarashli yerlar, elzas va lotaringiya gersogliklari, niderlandlar yerlari kirar edi. ammo bu davrda “imperiya” tushunchasi faqat german yerlari bilan bog‘liq holda tushunilar va bu imperiyachilik qadr-qimmatiga ega bo‘lgan nemis millati va imperiyaning asosi bo‘lgan nemis yerlariga nisbatan aytilar edi. xvi asrda germaniyada protestantizm va isloh qilingan katolitsizmning qaror topishi bir qator boshqa modernizatsiya jarayonlari uchun imkoniyat yaratdi. xususan, aholi o‘rtasida intizom kuchaydi, boshlang‘ich ta’lim va universitet ta’limi aholining barcha qatlamlari orasida keng yoyildi, turli tabaqalar orasida o‘z yangi axloq normalari shakllandi. siyosiy sohada, avvalo, davlat qurilishi sohasida ham yangi jihatlar paydo bo‘l- di. davlat organlari vakolatlarining kengayishi (sud va soliq tizimining markazla- shuvi, boj siyosatini amalga oshirishning boshlanishi, muntazam armiyaning tuzilishi) munosabati bilan byurokratik apparat ham shakllandi, davlat tash- kilotlari paydo bo‘ldi. amaldorlar, armiya, bir qator hollarda …

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sinf jahon tarixi rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm …

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galitsiya (avstriya) muqaddas rim imperiyasi chegarasi markaziy prussiya sharqiy prussiyarech pospolita prussiya qirolligi boltiq dengizi 9-sinf jahon tarixi 48 rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm …

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striyadagi mulklari o‘rtasida vositachi bo‘ldi. shu sababli saksoniya armiyasi qisqartirildi, armiya uchun sarflangan mablag‘lar endi boshqa sohalarga yo‘naltirildi. natijada saksoniya jadal rivojlana boshladi. drezden shahrini, ko‘pincha, “elbadagi florensiya”, savdo va noshirlik ishi markaziga aylangan leypsigni esa “kichik parij” deb atardilar. bavariya kurfyurstlarining ham rejalari ulkan edi. ular doimo o‘z hududla- rini kengaytirishga intilib keldi, hatto imperiya taxtiga ham da’vo qilardilar. biroq ispaniya va avstriya taxti uchun bo‘lgan urushlar mamlakatni xarob holatga keltirdi va xviii asr o‘rtalaridan bavariya kurfyurstlari o‘zlarining takabburona rejalaridan voz kechdilar. iqtisodiy ahvol. siyosiy tarqoqlik tufayli imperiyaning turli qismlarida xo‘jalik ham notekis rivojlandi. qayerdadir krepostnoylik huquqi saqlanib qolgan bo‘lsa, boshqa hududda kapitalistik munosabatlar paydo bo‘la boshladi. umuman olganda, germaniya iqtisodiy taraqqiyotda angliya, gollandiya va fransiya kabi davlatlardan ortda edi. bu, avvalo, germaniyaning mayda knyazlik (davlat)larga bo‘linib ketganligi oqibati edi. siyosiy tarqoqlik yagona ichki bozorning vujudga kelishiga imkon bermadi. bundan tashqari, bu davrda dengiz savdo yo‘llarining atlantika okeaniga ko‘chganligi …

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jahon tarixi 9-sinf umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarining 9-sinfi uchun darslik o‘zbekiston respublikasi maktabgacha va maktab ta’limi vazirligi tomonidan nashrga tavsiya etilgan yangi nashr toshkent — 2024 rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm rtm …

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