biologiya_10_uzb_2022-

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toshkent 2022 uo‘k 57(075.3) kbk 28.0ya72 b 72 uo‘k 57(075.3) kbk 28.0ya72 isbn 978-9943-8453-5-0 © respublika ta’lim markazi, 2022 a. a. bekmuxammedov – mirzo ulug‘bek nomidagi o‘zbekiston milliy universiteti biologiya fakulteti genetika kafedrasi mudiri, biologiya fanlari nomzodi. j. s. sadinov – o‘zbekiston respublikasi fanlar akademiyasi botanika instituti kichik ilmiy xodimi. x. s. nurmetov – toshkent viloyati chirchiq davlat pedagogika instituti genetika va evolyutsion biologiya kafedrasi katta o‘qituvchisi. m. a. xojimuratova – nizomiy nomidagi toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti tabiiy fanlar fakulteti zoologiya va anatomiya kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi. s. i. zayniyev – nizomiy nomidagi toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti tabiiy fanlar fakulteti biologiya va uni o‘qitish metodikasi kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi. tuzuvchilar: k. saparov, i. azimov, m. umaraliyeva, u. raxmatov, z. tillayeva, i. abduraxmanova, e. ochilov, s. haytbayeva, l. uralova xalqaro ekspert: baxtiyor sheraliyev taqrizchilar: original maket va dizayn konsepsiyasi respublika ta’lim markazi tomonidan ishlandi. respublika maqsadli kitob jamg‘armasi mablag‘lari hisobidan chop etildi. biologiya [matn]: 10-sinfi …

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........................................................................................................23 1.7. oqsillar. .............................................................................................................................................27 1.8. amaliy mashg‘ulot. biologik infografika tuzish. ..........................................................32 1.9. nuklein kislotalar. ........................................................................................................................33 1.10. amaliy mashg‘ulot. dnk va rnk tuzilishiga doir masalalar yechish. ..............37 ii bob. hujayra biologiyasi 2.1. eukariot hujayra. hujayra qobig‘i. .........................................................................................41 2.2. sitoplazma. hujayraning membranasiz organoidlari. ................................................. 45 2.3. hujayraning membranali organoidlari. ..............................................................................49 2.4. laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. hujayra membranasiga haroratning ta’sirini o‘rganish. .......................................................................................................53 2.5. yadro. ................................................................................................................................................54 2.6. prokariot hujayra..........................................................................................................................56 2.7. amaliy mashg‘ulot. prokariot va eukariot hujayralar tuzilishini qiyosiy o‘rganish. .....................................................................................59 2.8. hujayrada moddalar almashinuvi. hujayrada energetik almashinuv. ..................60 2.9. amaliy mashg‘ulot. energiya almashinuviga doir masalalar yechish. ...............63 2.10. hujayrada irsiy axborotning amalga oshirilishi. .........................................................65 2.11. amaliy mashg‘ulot. o

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qsil biosintezi jarayonini modellashtirish. .....................70 2.12. prokariot va eukariot hujayralarning bo‘linishi. ..........................................................73 2.13. meyoz. ............................................................................................................................................75 2.14. laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. mitoz jarayonini mikropreparatlar yordamida o‘rganish. ...........................................................................................................................79 2.15. amaliy mashg‘ulot. mitoz va meyoz fazalarini taqqoslash. ..................................80 iii bob. hayotiy jarayonlar 3.1. organizmlarning jinssiz ko‘payishi. .....................................................................................85 3.2. gametogenez. .................................................................................................................................91 3.3. organizmlarning jinsiy ko‘payishi ........................................................................................95 3.4. o‘simlik va hayvonlar hayot siklida jinssiz va jinsiy nasl gallanishi. ...................100 3.5. amaliy mashg‘ulot. o‘simliklar (yo‘sin, qirqquloq, qirqbo‘g‘im, urug‘li o‘simlik) hayot siklida jinssiz va jinsiy bo‘g‘inlarning gallanishini modellashtirish ....................................................................................................................................102 i biologiya 10 biologiya 10 4 iv bob. irsiyat va o‘zgaruvchanlik 4.1. irsiyat qonuniyatlari................................................................................................................107 4.2. amaliy mashg‘ulot. to‘liq va chala dominantlik bo‘yicha masalalar yechish ............................................................................................................112 4.3. amaliy mashg‘ulot. kodominantlik va pleyotropiyaga doir masalalar yechish ...................................

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...........................................113 4.4. jins genetikasi ............................................................................................................................115 4.5. belgilarning jinsga bog‘liq holda irsiylanishi................................................................118 4.6. amaliy mashg‘ulot. jins genetikasiga doir masalalar yechish ............................122 4.7. o‘zgaruvchanlik .........................................................................................................................124 4.8. amaliy mashg‘ulot. modifikatsion o‘zgaruvchanlikni o‘rganish ........................128 4.9. genotipik o‘zgaruvchanlik turlari......................................................................................130 4.10. amaliy mashg‘ulot. modifikatsion va mutatsion o‘zgaruvchanliklarni qiyosiy o‘rganish ....................................................................................133 v bob. genetik muhandislik va biotexnologiya 5.1. genetik muhandislik ...............................................................................................................137 5.2. hujayra irsiyatini o‘zgartirish .............................................................................................141 5.3. biotexnologiya ...........................................................................................................................145 5.4. amaliy mashg‘ulot. restriksion saytlarni aniqlash va meva sharbatini ishlab chiqarishda pektinazadan foydalanishni o‘rganish ........................148 vi bob. ekosistema 6.1. ekosistemaning tarkibiy tuzilmasi ....................................................................................153 6.2. amaliy mashg‘ulot. ekosistemaning tarkibiy qismlarini aniqlash ...................157 6.3. ekologik omillar ........................................................................................................................160 6.4. loyiha ishi. turli muhit shar

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oitida o‘sgan o‘simliklarning tuzilishini taqqoslash ......................................................................................................................165 6.5. ekosistemaning trofik strukturasi ....................................................................................167 6.6. amaliy mashg‘ulot. oziq zanjiri va oziq to‘riga oid sxemalar tuzish va masalalar yechish ........................................................................................................................172 vii bob. evolyutsiya 7.1. evolyutsiyani harakatlantiruvchi omillari .....................................................................176 7.2. amaliy mashg‘ulot. populyatsiyalarning demografik ko‘rsatkichlarini hardi-vaynberg qonuni asosida o‘rganish .............................................................................179 7.3. tabiiy tanlanish .........................................................................................................................181 7.4. organik olamdagi moslanishlar – evolyutsiya natijasi .............................................185 7.5. amaliy mashg‘ulot. organizmlarning yashash muhitiga moslanishini o‘rganish ....................................................................................................................188 7.6. turlarning paydo bo‘lishi ......................................................................................................190 www.idum.uz saytidan yuklab olindi 5 k i r i s h aziz o‘quvchi! siz 7–9-sinflarda o‘qish mobaynida biologiya darslarida tabiat haqidagi ko‘plab tushuncha va atama, qonuniyatlar bilan tanishdingiz. bu o‘quv yilida siz biologiyani o‘rganishni davom ettirasiz. biologiya tirik organizmlarning tuzilishi, o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, ko‘payishi, rivojlanishi, kelib chiqishi, tabiiy jamoalar va yashash muhiti bilan o‘zaro munosabatlarini o‘rganadi. biologik bilimlar sizga olam- ning ilmiy manzarasini keng anglagan holda kelgusida shaxs sifatida shakllani shi

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toshkent 2022 uo‘k 57(075.3) kbk 28.0ya72 b 72 uo‘k 57(075.3) kbk 28.0ya72 isbn 978-9943-8453-5-0 © respublika ta’lim markazi, 2022 a. a. bekmuxammedov – mirzo ulug‘bek nomidagi o‘zbekiston milliy universiteti biologiya fakulteti genetika kafedrasi mudiri, biologiya fanlari nomzodi. j. s. sadinov – o‘zbekiston respublikasi fanlar akademiyasi botanika instituti kichik ilmiy xodimi. x. s. nurmetov – toshkent viloyati chirchiq davlat pedagogika instituti genetika va evolyutsion biologiya kafedrasi katta o‘qituvchisi. m. a. xojimuratova – nizomiy nomidagi toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti tabiiy fanlar fakulteti zoologiya va anatomiya kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi. s. i. zayniyev – nizomiy nomidagi toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti tabiiy fanlar fakulteti biologiya va uni o‘qitish metodik...

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