vegetable oils

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slide 1 vegetable oils where is the oil located? plants use stored oil as food for germinating embryo, caloric content is high so is efficient storage material. double that of carbohydrates and proteins. oil can be stored in endosperm (castor, coconut), cotyledons (peanut, soybean), scutellum (corn), fruit pulp (palms and olives). seeds have organelles called as glyxosomes that convert fatty acids into carbohydrates during germination. oils mainly hydrocarbons made up of glycerol (backbone) with three fatty acids chemically bonded to it - triglycerides cholesterol unsaturation the number of double bonds determines the level of saturation. vegetable oils are complex mixtures and saturation levels cannot be calculated directly very easily; % saturation is determined by iodine method, iodine breaks ='s and is incorporated. amount of iodine left over is determined. iodine values range from 7 to >200. 70 are called fats (solid at room temperature) and higher values correspond to more …

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and makes them soluble in petroleum oils (resins) linoleum is not used much in u.s. anymore. jojoba - oils is esters rather than triglycerides, originally thought to be good substitute for sperm oil but is not because of high temperature breakdown; however is useful in medicine and cosmetics. extraction grinding with stones - cold pressing – high quality steam driven stone press hot pressing screw press - continuous feed solvent extraction - follows screw press, hexane refining removal of free fatty acids degumming - removes mucilaginous material bleaching - removal of pigments deodorized - steam heating winterize - prevents clouding by chilling oil and filtering out particles. hydrogenation - yields vegetable lards, margarine and cheese substitutes drying oils high in double bonds in fa linseed oil - linum usitatissimum, seeds, water-repellent glaze mostly non-edible oils due to unpleasant flavor cyanogenic glycosidesand rapid rancidity due to lots of double bonds. also …

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olin, most is consumed and produced in africa, middle east, india and china cottonseed oil – gossypium barbedensis byproduct of cotton fiber production, must remove gossypol (toxic to most animals except cows); wesson oil, hydrogenation ---> crisco rapeseed oil - brassica napus, edible oil but possibly toxic, most useful as machine oil as an lubricant non-drying oil peanut oil - arachis hypogaea, premium cooking oil olive oil - olea europea, obtained from fruit pulp, gentle pressing of the olive – virgin oil further pressing – first, second grade oils has monounsaturated fat – good for health. castor oil - ricinus communis laxative – ricinoleic acid poison - ricine (alkaloid) and ricin (highly toxic protein); used in soaps, paints, lubricants vegetable fat oil palms - elaeis guinensis, distinct oils are obtained from fruit pulp and seeds kept separate due to differences in chemical composition; used in soap, candles, margarine and shortenings …

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slide 1 vegetable oils where is the oil located? plants use stored oil as food for germinating embryo, caloric content is high so is efficient storage material. double that of carbohydrates and proteins. oil can be stored in endosperm (castor, coconut), cotyledons (peanut, soybean), scutellum (corn), fruit pulp (palms and olives). seeds have organelles called as glyxosomes that convert fatty acids into carbohydrates during germination. oils mainly hydrocarbons made up of glycerol (backbone) with three fatty acids chemically bonded to it - triglycerides cholesterol unsaturation the number of double bonds determines the level of saturation. vegetable oils are complex mixtures and saturation levels cannot be calculated directly very easily; % saturation is determined by iodine method, iodine ...

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