diplomnaya rabota

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referat diplomnaya rabota v kolichestve 107 stranits,8 risunkov, 21 tablitsa, 39 literaturnix istochnikov, 6 listov graficheskogo materiala. klyuchevie slova: gudron, bitum, uglevodorodi, neft, okislenie. ob'ektom razrabotki yavlyaetsya ustanovka polucheniya okislennogo bituma proizvoditelnostyu 25 tis. tonn v god. tselyu vipusknoy kvalifikatsionnoy raboti yavlyaetsya proekt ustanovki proizvodstva okislennogo gudrona. v diplomnom proekte razobran protsess okisleniya neftyanix bitumov. v rabote bilo vipolneno: - injenernie rascheti; - mexanicheskiy raschet; - razrabotana sxema avtomaticheskogo upravleniya texnologicheskim protsessom, pozvolyayushaya umenshit trudoyomkost protsessa. - privedeni rascheti osnovnix texniko-ekonomicheskix pokazateley, po kotorim vidno, chto proekt ustanovki polucheniya okislennogo bituma yavlyaetsya ekonomicheski effektivnim. abstract thesis in the amount of 107 pages.,8 figures, 21 tables, 39 references, 6 sheets of graphic material. keywords: tar, bitumen, hydrocarbons, oil, oxidation. the object of the development is the installation for production of oxidized bitum with a capacity of 25 thousand tons per year. the aim of the wrc project is the installation of …

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.............................. 13 1.1. sposobi polucheniya bitumov. ................................................................... 13 1.2. klassifikatsiya bitumov po oblastyam primeneniya. ................................. 15 1.4. strukturnie tipi bitumov ......................................................................... 18 1.5 sostav bitumov. ............................................................................................. 19 1.6. sire dlya proizvodstva bituma .................................................................. 22 1.7 osnovnie fiziko-ximicheskie svoystva bitumov. ...................................... 24 1.8 usloviya protsessa polucheniya bitumov ......................................................... 27 1.9. texnologicheskie sxemi protsessa polucheniya okislennix bitumov. ........ 30 1.10 xarakteristika sirya i gotovoy produktsii .............................................. 37 1.10.1.xarakteristika isxodnogo sirya ........................................................ 37 1.10.2.xarakteristika gotovogo produkta. ..................................................... 37 2 injenernie rascheti .......................................................................................... 39 2.1 printsipialnaya texnologicheskaya sxema proizvodstva s opisaniem. .... 39 2.2 materialniy raschet ................................................................................... 41 2.3 teplovoy raschet osnovnogo apparata. .......................................................... 45 2.4 gidravlicheskiy raschet ................................................................................. 48 2.4.1 texnologicheskiy raschet osnovnogo apparata. ...................................... 48 2.4.2. raschet diametrov shtutserov ................................................................... 51 2.4.3.raschet na prochnost ............................................................................... 52 2.4.4. raschet na prochnost ..........

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.................................................................... 54 2.4.5. raschet opor ............................................................................................ 54 2.4.6. vibor flantsev ...................................................................................... 56 2.4.7. raschet teplovoy izolyatsii .................................................................... 56 2.5 podbor vspomogatelnogo oborudovaniya .................................................. 57 3 kontrol proizvodstva ...................................................................................... 64 3.1 avtomatizatsiya ............................................................................................... 64 4 finansoviy menedjment .................................................................................. 66 4.1 analiz effektivnosti deystvuyushego proizvodstva 66 4.1.1 raschet proizvodstvennoy moshnosti i proizvodstvennoy programmi. ........................................................................................................................... 66 4.2 raschet godovogo fonda zarabotnoy plati personala ustanovki 68 4.3 raschyot stoimosti osnovnix proizvodstvennix fondov i amortizatsionnix otchisleniy ot nix 74 4.4 planirovanie sebestoimosti produktsii .................................................... 78 5 sotsialnaya otvetstvennost ............................................................................. 83 5.1 proizvodstvennaya bezopasnost .......... oshibka! zakladka ne opredelena. 83 5.1.1 ximicheskie faktori ............................................................................. 85 ustranenie yada iz proizvodstvennogo protsessa ........................................... 86 ventilyatsiya pomesheniy ........................... oshibka! zakladka ne opredelena. 86 kollektivnie i individualnie sredstva zashiti rabotayushix. .................. 87 5.1.2 fizicheskie vrednie faktori ...........................................

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..................... 88 5.1.3 fizicheskie opasnie faktori ............................................................... 91 5.2 ekologicheskaya bezopasnost 95 5.2.1 zashita atmosferi.................................................................................. 95 5.2.2 zashita gidrosferi ......................... oshibka! zakladka ne opredelena. 96 5.2.3 zashita litosferi ................................................................................... 96 5.3 bezopasnost v chrezvichaynix situatsiyax .................................................... 96 5.3.1 analiz chrezvichaynix situatsii (chs) .................................................... 96 5.3.2 zashita personala i territorii v chrezvichaynix situatsiyax .............. 97 5.4 pravovie i organizatsionnie voprosi obespecheniya bezopasnosti .......... 98 5.4.1 trudovoe zakonodatelstvo .................................................................... 98 5.4.2 komponovka oborudovaniya ..................................................................... 99 zaklyuchenie 101 spisok ispolzovannix istochnikov .................................................................. 102 vvedenie bitum v rossii i za rubejom yavlyaetsya samim mnogotonnajnim vidom nefteproduktov. ujestochenie trebovaniy k kachestvu bituma i uvelichenie potrebleniya dorojnogo bituma privodit k neobxodimosti sovershenstvovat i uvelichivat moshnosti texnologicheskix protsessov polucheniya okislennix bitumov. spektr primeneniya bituma shirok, ego primenyayut dlya stroitelstva i remonta dorog, aerodromov, v grajdanskom, i promishlennom stroitelstve (izgotavlivayut krovelnie materiali, dlya izolyatsii truboprovodov ot gruntovoy korrozii, lakokrasochnie materiali). dolya dorojnix pokritiy v rossii, s primeneniem bituma …

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ujit opredelyayushim faktorom, v obespechenii dolgovechnosti dorojnix pokritiy neftyanim bitumom. do 70 % vipuskaemix v rossii i stranax sng bitumov ne sootvetstvuyut kachestvu, po assortimentu i trebovaniyam sovremennogo rinka. v osnovnom eto otnositsya k bitumam dorojnogo, spetsialnogo i stroitelnogo naznacheniy iz –za nizkogo kachestva dorojnix bitumov v srednem 6–7 let srok slujbi dorog v rossii, 10–15 let. v razvitix zarubejnix stranax . v nashey strane slojilos tak, chto promishlennost neftepererabotki v bolshey stepeni zainteresovana v uglublenii protsessa maksimalnogo otbora svetlix fraktsiy, pri etom polnostyu otsutstvuet baza neftepererabotki, kotoraya spetsialno zanimalas bi proizvodstvom dorojnix bitumov, xoroshego kachestva. [1] ryad faktorov, okazivayushix sushestvennoe vliyanie na razvitie i sostoyanie bitumnogo proizvodstva v rossii: perviy faktor. sezonnost virabotki osnovnix marok dorojnix bitumov. eto svyazano s chetko opredelennimi periodami vipolneniya dorojno – stroitelnix rabot. etot faktor yavlyaetsya problemnim dlya neftepererabativayushix predpriyatiy s neprerivnim rejimom raboti. vtoroy faktor. slojnost provedeniya texnologicheskix operatsiy s visokozastivayushim i visokovyazkim …

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referat diplomnaya rabota v kolichestve 107 stranits,8 risunkov, 21 tablitsa, 39 literaturnix istochnikov, 6 listov graficheskogo materiala. klyuchevie slova: gudron, bitum, uglevodorodi, neft, okislenie. ob'ektom razrabotki yavlyaetsya ustanovka polucheniya okislennogo bituma proizvoditelnostyu 25 tis. tonn v god. tselyu vipusknoy kvalifikatsionnoy raboti yavlyaetsya proekt ustanovki proizvodstva okislennogo gudrona. v diplomnom proekte razobran protsess okisleniya neftyanix bitumov. v rabote bilo vipolneno: - injenernie rascheti; - mexanicheskiy raschet; - razrabotana sxema avtomaticheskogo upravleniya texnologicheskim protsessom, pozvolyayushaya umenshit trudoyomkost protsessa. - privedeni rascheti osnovnix texniko-ekonomicheskix pokazateley, po kotorim vidno, chto proekt ustanovki polu...

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