tyajelie metalli v pochve

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sodderjeniya vvedeniya......................................................................................................................... glava1. literaturniy obzor....................................................................... 1.1 zagryaznenie pochv.................................................................................................... 1.2 tyajelie metalli v pochve.................................................................................... 1.3 istochniki postuplenie tyajelix metallov v ob'ekti okrujayushey sredi............................................................................................................................... 1.4. metodi opredeleniya tyajelix metallov.......................................................... glava2. eksperimentalnaya chast........................................................ 2.1 prigotovlenie rastvora....................................................................................... 2.2 metodika opredeleniya.......................................................................................... 2.3 obrabotka rezultatov izmereniy..................................................................... 2.4. obsujdenie rezultatov....................................................................... glava4. ekonomicheskoe obosnovanie issledovaniya............ 4.1 texniko-ekonomicheskoe obosnovanie issledovanie diplomnoy raboti.... 4.2 raschet stoimosti sirya i materialov............................................................... 4.3 raschet nakladnix rasxodov.................................................................................. 4.4 raschet zarabotnoy plati i nachisleniy na sotsialnie nujdi................... vivodi........................................................................................................................... spisok literaturi...................................................................................................... vvedenie sostoya

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nie okrujayushey prirodnoy sredi yavlyaetsya vajneyshim faktorom, opredelyayushim jiznedeyatelnost cheloveka i obshestva. visokie kontsentratsii mnogix ximicheskix elementov i soedineniy, obuslovlennie texnogennimi protsessami, obnarujeni v nastoyashee vremya vo vsex prirodnix sredax: atmosfere, vode, pochve, rasteniyax. pochva - osoboe prirodnoe obrazovanie, obladayushee ryadom svoystv, prisushix jivoy i nejivoy prirode; sostoit iz geneticheski svyazannix gorizontov (obrazuyut pochvenniy profil), voznikayushix v rezultate preobrazovaniya poverxnostnix sloev litosferi pod sovmestnim vozdeystviem vodi, vozduxa i organizmov; xarakterizuetsya plodorodiem [1; s. 21]. pochva igraet vajnuyu rol v krugovorote tyajelix metallov, oni predstavlyayut soboy geterogennie smesi raznix organicheskix i organo-mineralnix sostavlyayushix glinistix mineralov, oksidov jeleza (fe), alyuminiya (al) i margantsa (mn) i drugix tverdix chastits, a takje razlichnix rastvorimix soedineniy. vsledstvie raznoobraziya tipov pochv, ix okislitelno-vosstanovitelnix usloviy i reaktsionnoy sposobnosti, mexanizmi i sposobi svyazivaniya tyajelix metallov v pochvax raznoobrazni. tyajelie metalli, v pochvax soderjatsya v razlichnix formax: v kristallicheskoy reshetke mineralov v vide izomorfnoy podmesi, v solevoy i okisnoy …

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a i seri. v perspektive oni mogut stat bolee opasnimi, chem otxodi atomnix elektrostantsiy i tvyordie otxodi. zagryaznenie tyajyolimi metallami svyazano ix shirokim ispolzovaniem v promishlennom proizvodstve. v svyazi s nesovershennimi sistemami ochistki tyajyolie metalli popadayut v okrujayushuyu sredu, v tom chisle v pochvu, zagryaznyaya i otravlyaya eyo. tyajyolie metalli otnosyatsya k osobim zagryaznyayushim veshestvam, nablyudeniya za kotorimi obyazatelni vo vsex sredax. v nastoyashee vremya v uzbekistan dlya otsenki zagryazneniya pochv tyajelimi metallami ispolzuetsya kak ofitsialno odobrennie, tak i ne imeyushie ofitsialnogo statusa normativi. osnovnoe ix naznachenie - ne dopustit postupleniya v izbitochnom kolichestve antropogenno nakaplivayushixsya v pochve tverdix metallov v organizm cheloveka i tem samim izbejat ix negativnogo vliyaniya [6; s. 16]. pri opredelenii tyajelix metallov v pochvax i pochvennix komponentax primenyaetsya atomno-absorbtsionniy analiz pochv i razlichnix vityajek (naprimer, ekstragirovanie zn, si, r,fe,ni, kotoraya izvlekaet iz obraztsov zagryaznennix pochv 70-90 % ot valovogo soderjaniya tyajelix metallov). metod obladaet tselim …

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spektsii, nxk «uzbekneftegaz» sovmestno s zainteresovannimi ministerstvami i vedomstvami v mesyachniy srok vnesti v kabinet ministrov predlojeniya ob izmeneniyax i dopolneniyax v zakonodatelstvo, vitekayushix iz nastoyashego postanovleniya. ministerstvam i vedomstvam v mesyachniy srok privesti prinyatie imi normativno-pravovie akti v sootvetstvie s nastoyashim postanovleniem. 3. kontrol za ispolneniem nastoyashego postanovleniya vozlojit na zamestitelya premer-ministra respubliki uzbekistan g.i. ibragimova[footnoteref:1]. [1: premer-ministr respubliki uzbekistan sh. mirziyoevg. tashkent, 23 iyunya 2014 g., № 164] tselyu dannoy raboti yavlyaetsya opredelenie soderjaniya kislotorastvorimix form metallov (svinets, med, tsink, nikel, jelezo) v probax pochv tulskoy oblasti metodom atomno-absorbtsionnoy spektroskopii. dlya vipolneniya postavlennoy tseli neobxodimo bilo reshit sleduyushie zadachi: 1. izuchit printsip raboti atomno-absorbtsionnogo spektrometra s elektrotermicheskoy atomizatsiey «mga-915m». 2. opredelit kontsentratsiyu kajdogo tyajyologo metalla v obraztsax pochv. 3. otsenit stepen zagryaznyonnosti vibrannix ob'ektov. glava1. literaturniy obzor 1.1 zagryaznenie pochv zagryaznitelem mojet bit lyuboy fizicheskiy agent, ximicheskoe veshestvo i biologicheskiy vid, popadayushie v okrujayushuyu sredu ili voznikayushie v …

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tvetstvii so stepenyu ustoychivosti protiv zagryaznyayushix veshestv videlyayutsya pochvi: 1. ochen ustoychivie; 2. ustoychivie; 3. sredneustoychivie; 4. maloustoychivie; 5. ochen maloustoychivie. chuvstvitelnost, ili ustoychivost pochv po otnosheniyu k zagryaznyayushim veshestvam, tselesoobrazno opredelyat v sootvetstvii s: a) soderjaniem gumusa; b) ego kachestvom; v) biologicheskoy aktivnostyu; g) glubinoy gumusovogo gorizonta; d) soderjaniem fraktsii kalibr.» ili «nekorrektnoe znachenie», to probu razbavlyayut takim obrazom, chtobi signal ot razbavlennoy probi pri dozirovanii ot 10 do 40 mm3sootvetstvoval primerno seredine diapazona graduirovochnoy xarakteristiki. 2.3 obrabotka rezultatov izmereniy massovuyu dolyu opredelyaemogo elementa v probe (x,mln-1) vichislyayut po formule gde sr - massovaya kontsentratsiya elementa v rastvore probi, mkg/dm3 cxol - massovaya kontsentratsiya elementa v rastvore xolostoy probi, mkg/dm3 vpr - ob'em rastvora probi q - koeffitsient razbavleniya rastvora probi - koeffitsient soglasovaniya razmernosti edinits izmereniya ob'ema m - massa naveski probi, g rezultat izmereniya v dokumentax, predusmatrivayushix ego ispolzovanie, mojet bit predstavlen v vide: x±δx, mln-1,r=0,95, gde …

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sodderjeniya vvedeniya......................................................................................................................... glava1. literaturniy obzor....................................................................... 1.1 zagryaznenie pochv.................................................................................................... 1.2 tyajelie metalli v pochve.................................................................................... 1.3 istochniki postuplenie tyajelix metallov v ob'ekti okrujayushey sredi............................................................................................................................... 1.4. metodi opredeleniya tyajelix metallov.......................................................... glava2. eksperiment...

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