kasb kasalliklari tavsifi va profilaktikasi

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1522393446_70469.doc kasb kasalliklari tavsifi va profilaktikasi reja: 1. kasb kasalliklari me’yoriy asoslari 2. kasb kasalliklari tavsifi 3. profilaktik tibbiy tadbirlar sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi, aholini ijtimoiy muhofaza qilish vazirligining 1995 yil 2 fevraldagi 23/36/9-sonli buyrug’i bilan “kasb kasalliklari ro’yxati va uni qo’llash bo’yicha yo’riqnoma” tasdiqlangan. ro’yxatga faqat noqulay ishlab chiqarish omillari ta'sirida kelib chiqqan kasb kasalliklari, ularning yaqin va uzoq vaqtdagi oqibatlari, shuningdek kasbiy zararlarning kasbga oid bo’lmagan asoratlariga (masalan, arterial gipertoniya – vibratsiyadan) bog’liq kasalliklar kiritilgan. o’tkir va surunkali kasb kasalliklari va zaharlanishlarini farqlash mumkin. o’tkir kasb kasalligi (intoksikatsiya) to’satdan, ishchi zonasi havosidagi kimyoviy moddalarning, boshqa zararli omillarning nisbatan yuqori kontsentratsiyalari, darajalari va dozalari bir marta ta'sir qilgandan so’ng (faqat bir ishchi smenasi davomida) yuzaga keladi. surunkali kasb kasalliklari zararli ishlab chiqarish omillarining yuqori bo’lmagan (ammo pdk, pdu, pdddan ortiq bo’lgan) kontsentratsiyalari, darajalari, dozalarining davomli ta'siri oqibatida yuzaga keladi. kasb kasalliklari tavsifi tasdiqlangan “ro’yxat”ga muvofiq, kasb kasalliklari 7 guruhga ajratiladi: …

olar va tizimlarning ortiqcha zo’riqishi va ortiqcha keskinlikda ishlashi bilan bog’liq kasalliklar: koordinatorli nevrozlar (sut sog’uvchilarda, skripkachilarda, linotipistlarda), radikulitlar, tendovaginitlar, artrozlar, bursitlar, tromboflebitlar; qo’shiqchilar, o’qituvchilardagi laringitlar, kuchayib boruvchi uzoqni yaxshi ko’rolmaslik va b.; biologik omillar ta'siriga bog’liq kasalliklar: chorvadorlar, veterinar, infektsionistlar, baklaboratoriyalar laborantlari va boshqalarda infektsion va parazitar kasalliklar; allergik kasalliklar: kon'yunktivitlar, rinitlar, bronxial astma, dermatitlar, ekzemalar, eshak emi va h.k., ular o’simlik yoki hayvonlarga xos qo’zg’atuvchilar bilan ishlaganda yuzaga keladi; yangi hosil bo’lgan o’smalar – kelib chiqishi fizik (ionlovchi nurlanishlar, ultrabinafsha radiatsiya) va kimyoviy (3, 4-benzpiren, smolalar va h.k.) tabiatga ega kontserogenlar bilan ishlaganda yuzaga kelgan xavfli o’smalar. sanab o’tilgan zararli ishlab chiqarish omillari, ular keltirib chiqarishi mumkin bo’lgan kasb kasalliklari va zaharlanishlarni hisobga olib, mehnat gigienasi bo’yicha shifokormutaxassislar, profpatologlar, sanoat korxonalari, davolash-profilaktika muassalari tibbiy sanitar qismlarining boshqa mutaxassislari oldida turgan vazifalar: ishlab chiqarish muhitining, texnologik jarayonlarning zararli omillarini, ularning gigienik normativlarga muvofiqligini o’rganish; ishlab chiqarish muhiti (texnologik jarayon, …

y patalogiyalarni ekspertiza qilish, nogironlikni belgilash komissiyalari ishida qatnashishdan iborat. the workplace as early as the fourth century b.c., hippocrates apparently observedadverse effects on miners and metallurgists caused by exposure tolead. in 1473, ulrich ellenbog recognized that the fumes of some metalswere dangerous and suggested preventive measures. in the early 1500s, georg bauer (known as georgius agricola), a physician and mineralogist, attributed lung disease among miners in the carpathian mountains to theinhalation of certain kinds of mineral dusts, observing that so manyminers succumbed to the disease that some women were widowed asmany as seven times. in 1700, bernardino ramazzini published the firstcomplete treatise on occupational diseases, de morbis artificum diatriba (diseases of workers). as a result of this pioneering effort, ramazzini is knownas the “father of occupational medicine” (franco, 2001). in the mid-1880s, karl bernhard lehmann, whose work continues to serve as a guide on theeffects of exposure to airborne …

ene, the exception being the united states, where it is identified as industrial hygiene. in either case, the primary responsibility of those working in this field is to address the full range of chemical, biological, and physical hazards, including the musculoskeletal problems that are becoming increasingly common in the modern technological world. as the scope of the challenges implies, if industrial hygienists are to address these problems effectively, they must have the abilities to combine the skills and knowledge of people working in the physical sciences and engineering, as well as in the health sciences and medicine. they must also be able to apply relevant information being generated in the fields of toxicology and epidemiology (herrick, 1998). if successful in these efforts, industrial hygienists have an opportunity of demonstrating the effectiveness of the public health intervention model (chapter 1) which emphasizes the prevention of the development of disease as contrasted …

d did more than any other measure to reduce occupational injuries in this country. also playing a major role was the passage of similar laws at the state level. the associated contributions included expanding the coverage to include occupational disease, and requiring that compensation for occupational injuries be paid on a nofault basis, that settlements be be reachedpromptly through administrative tribunals; and that payments be made in accordance with a system of scheduled benefits. the walsh-healey public contracts act of 1936 established safety and health standards in industries that were conducting work under contract to the federal government. this forerunner of modern occupational health regulations stimulated research on occupational diseases and the development of occupational health programs by state and local agencies, insurance companies, foundations, management, and unions. the first significant federal legislation for workers not involved in government projects, however, was not enacted until 1969, when the federal coal …

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1522393446_70469.doc kasb kasalliklari tavsifi va profilaktikasi reja: 1. kasb kasalliklari me’yoriy asoslari 2. kasb kasalliklari tavsifi 3. profilaktik tibbiy tadbirlar sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi, aholini ijtimoiy muhofaza qilish vazirligining 1995 yil 2 fevraldagi 23/36/9-sonli buyrug’i bilan “kasb kasalliklari ro’yxati va uni qo’llash bo’yicha yo’riqnoma” tasdiqlangan. ro’yxatga faqat noqulay ishlab chiqarish omillari ta'sirida kelib chiqqan kasb kasalliklari, ularning yaqin va uzoq vaqtdagi oqibatlari, shuningdek kasbiy zararlarning kasbga oid bo’lmagan asoratlariga (masalan, arterial gipertoniya – vibratsiyadan) bog’liq kasalliklar kiritilgan. o’tkir va surunkali kasb kasalliklari va zaharlanishlarini farqlash mumkin. o’tkir kasb kasalligi (intoksikatsiya) to’satdan, ishchi zonasi h...

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