ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar suvni sifatini tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari

DOC 96,0 КБ Бесплатная загрузка

Предварительный просмотр (5 стр.)

Прокрутите вниз 👇

1522393193_70463.doc ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar suvni sifatini tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari reja: 1. ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar. 2. ichimlik suviga gigiyenik baho berish 3. suvni tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari. sources of drinking water the primary sources of drinking water are groundwater and surface water. in addition, precipitation (rain and snow) can be collected and used. water within the upper water table can be accessed through dug wells. such wells generally extend 1.5–6 meters (5–20 feet) beneath the ground surface. groundwater located in deeper reservoirs or aquifers can be accessed through wells that are driven or drilled. these may penetrate to depths of 450–600 meters (1,500–2,000 feet) (figure 7.3). springs, which are outcrops where the underground aquifer intersects the surface of the earth, represent another source of groundwater (symons, 1992). sources of surface water include lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. surface water may also come from protected watersheds. each of …

ing it in a cistern, and using it as a source of drinking water. such sources, however, are almost certain to have some degree of pollution. one step that can be taken to reduce contamination is to delay collecting the water until enough rain has fallen to cleanse the roof. several types of diversion valves have been developed to accomplish this task. some systems also incorporate units for filtering the water prior to use. cisterns in which the water is collected should be watertight, and manholes or other ports of entry should be leakproof. rainfall and accompanying runoff can also be collected on a wider scale to provide drinking water to large municipalities. cities that employ this approach include new york, boston, and lisbon, where foresighted planners set aside large land areas for collecting recipitation and runoff in natural and human-made lakes. surface supplies lakes, streams, and rivers are sources …

sult from the ingestion of water that contains the causative organisms for enteric diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and infective hepatitis. prevention depends on avoiding the contamination of raw water sources by human and animal wastes or removing or destroying the contaminants prior to onsumption. water-contact diseases. these can be transmitted through direct contact with organisms in water. the most common example is schistosomiasis, which can be transmitted to people who swim or wade in water that contains snails infected with the organism. the larvae, which leave the snail and enter the water, can readily penetrate the skin. prevention can be achieved through properly disposing human excreta and deterring people from contact with infested waters. water-insect-related diseases. examples are malaria, yellow fever, and west nile fever, encephalitis or rash, where water serves as a habitat for the disease transmitter, in this case the mosquito. control requires eliminating mosquito-breeding areas, killing …

6%, kartoshka va go‘shtda 75%, nonda 47% gacha suv bo‘ladi. suvni yoki chanqoqni qondiruvchi ichimliklarni haddan tashqari ko‘p ichish zararli, chunki bunday holat yurak ishini, ajratish a’zolarining faoliyatini oshirishga olib keladi. bunda organizmning teri sathida ko‘p miqdorda suyuqlik ajraladi, bu bilan bir qatorda, ter bilan organizmdan suvda eriydigan vitaminlar, osh tuzi va mineral tuzlar chiqib ketadi. suv-tuz almashinuviga nisbatan olinganda me’da-ichak yo‘li ancha faol bo‘ladi. suyuqlikning ko‘proq qismi almashinuviga nisbatan olinganda me’da-ichak yo‘li bir kecha-kunduzda 8 litr atrofida shira ajratadi, buning ko‘p qismi qaytadan so‘rilib, ajralib chiqqan hazm shiralarining atigi 2% (hajmiga nisbatan olganda) axlat bilan chiqib ketadi. organizmni suyuqlik bilan kun davomida bir tekis, muntazam ta’minlash muhim. suyuqlikning ko‘proq qismi tushlik ovqat vaqtida qabul qilinadi. odam bir kecha-kunduz mobaynida yoshiga qarab 100 ml dan 3000 ml atrofida suv iste’mol qiladi, jumladan, 1200 – 1300 ml suvni suyuqlik ko‘rinishida, 1000 – 1100 ml suvni esa ovqat tarkibida iste’mol qiladi. oziq …

is qila boradi. organizm tarkibidagi 10,0% suvni yo‘qotish modda almashinish jarayonlariga jiddiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. havo harorati 300 c va undan yuqori bo‘lganida 25% suvning organizmdan chiqib ketishi esa o‘limga olib kelishi mumkin. aholi yashaydigan joylarning sanitariya madaniyati darajasi suv bilan ta’minlanish sifati va miqdoriga qarab belgilanadi. aholi jon boshiga suv sarfi qishloq joylarida 40 – 60 litr, vodoprovod va kanalizatsiya bor, lekin vannasi yo‘q binolarda 125–160 litr, vannasi bor bo‘lsa 160–230 litr, markazlashtirilgan issiq suv ta’minoti tizimi bor binolarda 230– 350 litr, yirik shaharlarda 500–1000 litr atrofida bo‘ladi. toza suv tanqis bo‘lgan joyda aholining salomatligi xavf ostida qolishi tabiiy. demak, suv organizmning fiziologik, gigiyenik talablariga va xo‘jalik ehtiyojlariga sifat va miqdor jihatidan to‘la javob beradigan bo‘lishi kerak. ichimlik suvning sifati organoleptik xossasi, kimyoviy tarkibi, kasallik tarqatuvchi mikroblar hamda radioaktiv nurlarning bor yoki yo‘qligi bilan ifodalandi. suvning organoleptik xossasi – bu suvni organizmning sezgi organlari orqali aniqlanadigan bir qancha belgilari, ya’ni …

Хотите читать дальше?

Скачайте полный файл бесплатно через Telegram.

Скачать полный файл

О "ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar suvni sifatini tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari"

1522393193_70463.doc ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar suvni sifatini tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari reja: 1. ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar. 2. ichimlik suviga gigiyenik baho berish 3. suvni tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari. sources of drinking water the primary sources of drinking water are groundwater and surface water. in addition, precipitation (rain and snow) can be collected and used. water within the upper water table can be accessed through dug wells. such wells generally extend 1.5–6 meters (5–20 feet) beneath the ground surface. groundwater located in deeper reservoirs or aquifers can be accessed through wells that are driven or drilled. these may penetrate to depths of 450–600 meters (1,500–2,000 feet) (figure 7.3). springs, which are outc...

Формат DOC, 96,0 КБ. Чтобы скачать "ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiyenik talablar suvni sifatini tozalash va zararsizlantirish usullari", нажмите кнопку Telegram слева.

Теги: ichimlik suviga qo’yilgan gigiy… DOC Бесплатная загрузка Telegram