mehnat bozori: mohiyati, shakinlanishi va rivojlanishi

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powerpoint presentation mehnat bozori: mohiyati, shakinlanishi va rivojlanishi reja: i..kirish ii.mehnat bozori tushunchasi va mohiyati iii.mehnat bozorining shakllanish bosqichlari iv.mehnat bozorining zamonaviy rivojlanish tendensiyalari a) 6cos3x b) cos3x c) -6cos3x d) -cos3x 2. a) e b) 2 c) 1 d) 0 cxfsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg axborot ta’minoti tushunchasi axborot ta’minoti deganda shunday ma’lumotlar majmui tushuniladi: u modelda ishlatiladigan o‘zgaruvchilarni, ular haqida ma’lumot to‘plash usullarini, ma’lumotning sifati, o‘lchov birligi, vaqt qatori yoki hududiy (fazoviy) ma’lumot bo‘lishi kabi jihatlarni. maqsadi: modelga kiritiladigan o‘zgaruvchilar orqali haqiqiy iqtisodiy jarayonni tasvirlash va prognoz berish imkoniyatini oshirish. 2. bog‘liq va bog‘liq bo‘lmagan o‘zgaruvchilarni tanlash terminlar: bog‘liq o‘zgaruvchi (dependent variable, “natijaviy”: y) — modelda asosiy o‘rganilayotgan ko‘rsatkich, unga ta’sir qilinmoqchi. bog‘liq bo‘lmagan o‘zgaruvchilar (independent variables, explanatory, regressors, omillar): y ni shakllantirishi mumkin bo‘lgan omillar. qanday tanlanadi? bog‘liq va bog‘liq bo‘lmagan o‘zgaruvchilarni tanlash jarayoni quyidagicha bo‘ladi: nazariy asas – …

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i – garchi nazariy omillarni tanlagan bo‘lsang ham, ular bo‘yicha statistik ma’lumotlar bo‘lishi kerak. – ma’lumotlar to‘liq bo‘lmasa yoki mavjud bo‘lgan ma’lumotlar sifati past bo‘lsa, ba’zilari modelga kiritilmaydi. o‘zgaruvchilarning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi / multikolinearlik – agar ikkita omil juda bog‘liq bo‘lsa (masalan, daromad va iste’molchining sof daromadi), ularni ikkisini bir modelga kiritishda muammo bo‘lishi mumkin. – shunday hollarda omillardan biri tanlanadi yoki kombinatsiyalari ishlatiladi. funksional shakl va o‘lchov birligi – o‘zgaruvchilarning qanday bir birlikda o‘lchanganligi (siyosiy chegaralar, valyuta, foiz, indeks…) muhim. – ba’zan logarifmik yoki indeks shaklida, real yoki nominal qiymatda ishlash kerak. eksogen va endogen omillar – eksogen — model tashqarisidagi omillar, model parameterlari tambalanmagan; – endogen — model ichida bog‘liq bo‘lgan omillar, ular boshqa omillarga qayta ta’sir qilishi mumkin. agar omil endogen bo‘lsa, texnik jihatdan alohida metodlar (instrumental o‘zgaruvchilar, ikki bosqichli metodlar) ishlatiladi. ma’lumotlarning statistical tabiati – ma’lumotlarning vaqt turi (dinamik / vaqt qatori), kesimli (cross-sectional), panel ma’lumotlar; – …

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4. misollar bilan tushuntirish faraz qilaylik, sen “qishloq xo‘jaligida hosildorlik”ni o‘rganmoqchisiz. y = hosildorlik bo‘lsin. nazariy omillar:  sug‘orish miqdori (suv), mineral o‘g‘itlar, urug‘ sifat, yer maydoni, ob-havo, mehnat kuchi. bog‘liq bo‘lmagan o‘zgaruvchilar tanlansin: masalan, urug‘ sifatini nazariy o‘zgartiriladigan, ob-havoni esa tashqi omil boʻlishi mumkin; yer maydoni, mehnat kuchi. agar ob-havo bo‘yicha vaqt seriyalari ma’lumotlari bo‘lsa, “mavsumiylik” ta’siri, yoki yil fasllari dummy (0/1) o‘zgaruvchilari qo‘shilishi mumkin. agar o‘g‘it miqdori va texnika darajasi juda o‘xshash indikatorlar bo‘lsa, ularning multikolinearligi aniqlansa, biri yoki kombinatsiyasi ishlatiladi. image1.jpeg /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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powerpoint presentation mehnat bozori: mohiyati, shakinlanishi va rivojlanishi reja: i..kirish ii.mehnat bozori tushunchasi va mohiyati iii.mehnat bozorining shakllanish bosqichlari iv.mehnat bozorining zamonaviy rivojlanish tendensiyalari a) 6cos3x b) cos3x c) -6cos3x d) -cos3x 2. a) e b) 2 c) 1 d) 0 cxfsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg fsdrgfdgdfgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg ...

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