allergiya

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funktsiya podjeludochnoy jelezi u detey s xronicheskoy patologiey organov pishevareniya o.v.nikolaeva, feras abu xalil allergiya allergiya (grech. allos – inoy, drugoy, ergon – deystvuyu) – eto kachestvenno izmenennaya reaktsiya organizma na deystvie veshestv antigennoy prirodi, vizivayushaya razlichnie struk-turnie i funktsionalnie na-rusheniya. provotsiruyushie faktori i faktori riska razvitiya allergii: rezkoe uxudshenie ekologii, v tom chis-le za schyot ekologicheskix katastrof planetarnogo masshtaba. ostriy i xronicheskiy stress. intensivnoe razvitie vsex vidov pro-mishlennosti bez dostatochnogo sob-lyudeniya prirodooxranitelnix mer. provotsiruyushie faktori i faktori riska razvitiya allergii (prodoljenie): beskontrolnoe shirokoe primenenie medikamentov, osobenno obladayushix dyurantnimi svoystvami (sposobnix depo-nirovatsya v organizme). shirokoe ispolzovanie kosmetiki i sinteticheskix izdeliy. provotsiruyushie faktori i faktori riska razvitiya allergii (prodoljenie): prochnoe vnedrenie v bit sredstv dlya dezinfektsii i dezinsektsii. izmenenie xaraktera pitaniya (oksidant-niy stress). gipodinamiya. termin «allergiya» bil predlojen v 1906 g. avstriyskim pediatrom pirke (s.p. pirquet) dlya oboznacheniya neobich-noy, izmenennoy reaktsii nekotorix detey na vvedenie s lechebnoy tselyu protivodifteriynoy sivorotki. allergicheskie …

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kulami organizma; pri etom obra-zovavshiesya antitela reagiruyut tolko s kompleksom, a ne s ego komponentami. po svoey prirode allergeni chashe vsego yavlyayutsya: belkami, belkovo-polisaxaridnimi ili belko-vo-lipoidnimi kompleksami (sivorotoch-nie, tkanevie, bakterialnie allergeni), slojnimi soedineniyami nebelkovoy prirodi (polisaxaridi, polisaxaridno-lipo-idnie kompleksi – allergen domashney pili, bak-terialnie allergeni), prostimi ximicheskimi veshestvami, v tom chisle otdelnimi elementami (brom, yod, xrom, nikel). klassifikatsiya allergenov allergeni endogennie ekzogennie infektsionnie neinfektsionnie estestvennie (pervichnie) priobretyonne (vtorichnie) ekzogennie allergeni infektsionnie: bakterialnie, virusnie, gribkovie (vozbuditeli tuberkuleza, toksoplazmoza, brutselleza, virusi kori, grippa, gerpesa, infektsionnogo gepatita, kandidi, trixo-fiti, epidermofiti, aktinomitseti i dr.). neinfektsionnie: rastitelnie (piltsa, sok rasteniy). lekarstvennie (vaktsini, sivorotki, an-tibiotiki, sulfanilamidi, vitamini, insulin, preparati mishyaka, yoda, rtuti i dr.). ekzogennie allergeni ekzogennie allergeni neinfektsionnie: pishevie: jivotnogo i rastitelnogo proisxojdeniya (korove moloko, yaytsa, myaso, riba, tsitrusovie, klubnika, shoko-lad i dr.). ekzogennie allergeni neinfektsionnie: bitovie: neorganicheskie i organicheskie veshestva mikrobnogo proisxojdeniya (pil domashnyaya, bibliotechnaya, sherst i perxot ji-votnix, yadi pereponchatokrilix, postelnie kleshi, korm dlya …

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ie, kompleksnie (tkan-mikrob, tkan-tok-sin, virus-indutsirovannie), obrazuyushiesya pod vliyaniem infektsii. stadii allergicheskix reaktsiy v otvet na vnedrenie v organizm al-lergena voznikayut allergicheskie re-aktsii, kak spetsificheskie, tak i nespe-tsificheskie (psevdoallergicheskie, neim-munologicheskie). v techenii spetsificheskix allergicheskix re-aktsiy razlichayut tri stadii: i stadiyu – immunologicheskuyu; ii stadiyu – patoximicheskuyu (stadiyu obrazo-vaniya mediatorov); iii stadiyu – patofiziologicheskuyu (ili sta-diyu klinicheskogo proyavleniya povrejdeniya). stadii spetsificheskix allergicheskix reaktsiy i stadiya (immunologicheskaya) – sen-sibilizatsiya organizma (povishennaya chuvstvitelnost k vpervie popav-shemu v organizm allergenu). pervichniy kontakt organizma s ag (sen-sibiliziruyushiy kontakt). period sensibilizatsii (virabotka i na-koplenie spetsificheskix at ili sensi-bilizirovannix t-limf.). vzaimodeystvie ag s at (razreshayushiy kontakt). esli k momentu ix vozniknoveniya allergen udalen iz organizma, nikakix boleznennix proyavleniy ne nablyudaetsya. stadii spetsificheskix allergicheskix reaktsiy i stadiya (immunologicheskaya) vidi sensibilizatsii: aktivnaya – pri immunizatsii ag, kogda v otvet vklyuchaetsya sobstvennaya immunnaya sistema. passivnaya – v neimmunizirovannom orga-nizme pri vvedenii emu sivorotki krovi, soderjashey at, ili kletochnoy vzvesi s sensibilizirovannimi …

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i, osobenno, sostoyaniem reaktivnosti organizma). stadii spetsificheskix allergicheskix reaktsiy ii stadiya (bioximicheskaya, patoximicheskaya) v otvet na vzaimodeystvie ag s at ili ag s sensibilizirovanimi t-limf. proi-sxodit aktivatsiya kletok-misheney i bioximicheskix faktorov jidkix sred (plazmi, tkanevoy jidkosti) s visvoboj-deniem ili obrazovaniem biologiche-ski aktivnix veshestv (bav) – media-torov allergii. pervichnie mediatori allergii vovlekayut drugie kletki-effektori, drugie gumoralnie faktori s obrazovaniem vtorichnix mediatorov. stadii spetsificheskix allergicheskix reaktsiy iii stadiya (patofiziologicheskaya) stadiya funktsionalnix i strukturnix izmeneniy – xarakterizuetsya poyavle-niem klinicheskix simptomov aller-gii. klinicheskie proyavleniya allergii yavlyayutsya rezultatom farmakologicheskix effektov mediatorov allergii i zavisyat ot nabora i kolichestva visvobojdaemix i obrazuyushix-sya mediatorov allergii. povishennaya chuvstvitelnost orga-nizma spetsifichna: ona proyavlyaetsya po otnosheniyu k allergenu, kotoriy ra-nee vizval sostoyanie sensibilizatsii. nespetsificheskie allergicheskie reaktsii nespetsificheskie allergicheskie reaktsii voznikayut pri pervom kontakte s allergenom bez pred-shestvuyushey sensibilizatsii. razvitie ix proxodit tolko dve stadii – patoximicheskuyu i pato-fiziologicheskuyu. popadayushiy v organizm allergen sam vizivaet obrazovanie veshestv, povre-jdayushix kletki, tkani i …

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-atorov, chto opredelyaet kliniku zabolevaniya. tip naimenovanie tipa prinimayut uchastie v reaktsii i anafilakticheskiy lge- i reje lgg4-antitela ii tsitotoksicheskiy lgg-i lgm-antitela iii immunokompleks-niy (po tipu artyusa) lgg-i lgm-antitela iv zamedlennaya giper-chuvstvitelnost sensibilizirovan-nie limfotsiti v retseptorno-oposredovanniy gl. obrazom lgg tipi allergicheskix reaktsiy po djellu i kumbsu obrazets teksta vtoroy uroven tretiy uroven chetvertiy uroven pyatiy uroven perviy tip allergicheskix reaktsiy (anafilakticheskiy, atopicheskiy) perviy tip allergicheskix reaktsiy – allergicheskaya reaktsiya nemedlennogo tipa (reaginoviy, anafilakticheskiy ili atopicheskiy tip reaktsii). eyo razvitie svyazano s obrazovaniem at, poluchivshix nazvanie «reagini». reagini obrazuyutsya, kogda predraspo-lojenniy k allergii chelovek stalki-vaetsya so «svoim» allergenom (ag), i otnosyatsya glavnim obrazom k klassu lge. perviy tip allergicheskix reaktsiy (anafilakticheskiy, atopicheskiy) i - klasssicheskiy put. ii - pozdnyaya faza reak- tsii. exf- eozinofilnie xemotaksicheskie faktori. vnxf – visokomolekulyar-niy neytrofilniy xemo-taksicheskiy faktor. taf – trombotsitaktiviru-yushiy faktor. dao – diaminooksidaza. as – arilsulfataza. lt – leykotrieni. afk - aktivnie formi o2. ltv4 …

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funktsiya podjeludochnoy jelezi u detey s xronicheskoy patologiey organov pishevareniya o.v.nikolaeva, feras abu xalil allergiya allergiya (grech. allos – inoy, drugoy, ergon – deystvuyu) – eto kachestvenno izmenennaya reaktsiya organizma na deystvie veshestv antigennoy prirodi, vizivayushaya razlichnie struk-turnie i funktsionalnie na-rusheniya. provotsiruyushie faktori i faktori riska razvitiya allergii: rezkoe uxudshenie ekologii, v tom chis-le za schyot ekologicheskix katastrof planetarnogo masshtaba. ostriy i xronicheskiy stress. intensivnoe razvitie vsex vidov pro-mishlennosti bez dostatochnogo sob-lyudeniya prirodooxranitelnix mer. provotsiruyushie faktori i faktori riska razvitiya allergii (prodoljenie): beskontrolnoe shirokoe primenenie medikamentov, osobenno obladayushix dyurantn...

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