statisticheskoe nablyudenie

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statisticheskoe nablyudenie statisticheskoe nablyudenie plan: ponyatie i trebovaniya statisticheskogo nablyudeniya programmno-metodologicheskoe i organizatsionnoe obespechenie statisticheskogo nablyudeniya vidi i sposobi statisticheskogo nablyudeniya organizatsionnie formi statisticheskogo nablyudeniya oshibki statisticheskogo nablyudeniya 1. ponyatie i trebovaniya statisticheskogo nablyudeniya slovo «informatsiya» v perevode s latinskogo yazika oznachaet osvedomlennost, davat svedeniya o chem-libo. statisticheskaya informatsiya (statisticheskie dannie) — pervichniy statisticheskiy material, formiruyushiysya v protsesse statisticheskogo nablyudeniya, kotoriy zatem podvergaetsya sistematizatsii, svodke, obrabotke, analizu i obobsheniyu. pervichniy statisticheskiy material — eto fundament statisticheskogo issledovaniya. statisticheskoe nablyudenie – eto pervaya stadiya statisticheskogo issledovaniya, predstavlyayushaya soboy nauchno organizovanniy po edinoy programme uchet faktov, xarakterizuyushix yavleniya i protsessi obshestvennoy jizni, i sbor poluchenanix na osnove etogo ucheta massovix dannix. vajnost etogo etapa issledovaniya opredelyaetsya tem, chto ispolzovanie tolko ob'ektivnoy i dostatochno polnoy informatsii, poluchennoy v rezultate statisticheskogo nablyudeniya, na posleduyushix etapax issledovaniya v sostoyanii obespechit nauchno obosnovannie vivodi o xaraktere i zakonomernostyax razvitiya izuchaemogo ob'ekta. lyuboe statisticheskoe nablyudenie osushestvlyaetsya s …

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mer nablyudenie pokupatelya za kachestvom tovarov ili izmeneniem tsen na gorodskix rinkax, v kommercheskix strukturax. statisticheskim mojno nazvat lish takoe nablyudenie, kotoroe obespechivaet registratsiyu ustanavlivaemix faktov v uchetnix dokumentax dlya posleduyushego ix obobsheniya. primerom mogut slujit ustanovlennie formi otchetnosti predpriyatiy, zapisi schetchikov v perepisnix listax otvetov grajdan na voprosi programmi perepisi naseleniya, zapisi registratorov dlya viyasneniya udovletvoreniya sprosa naseleniya tovarami i t. d. priznaki statisticheskogo nablyudeniya: vo-pervix, obespechivaetsya registratsiya ustanavlivaemix faktov v spetsialnix uchetnix dokumentax; vo-vtorix, izuchayutsya statisticheskie zakonomernosti. poetomu statisticheskoe nablyudenie doljno bit planomernim, massovim i sistematicheskim. trebovaniya k statisticheskomu nablyudeniyu: nauchnaya ili prakticheskaya tsennost: nablyudaemie yavleniya doljni imet nauchnuyu ili prakticheskuyu tsennost, virajat opredelennie sotsialno-ekonomicheskie tipi yavleniy. polnota izuchaemix faktov: neposredstvenniy sbor massovix dannix doljen obespechit polnotu faktov, otnosyashixsya k rassmatrivaemomu voprosu, tak kak yavleniya naxodyatsya v postoyannom izmenenii, razvitii. v tom sluchae, esli otsutstvuyut polnie dannie, analiz i vivodi mogut bit oshibochnimi. trebovaniya k statisticheskomu nablyudeniyu: dostovernost, …

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cheskix i organizatsionnix voprosov nablyudeniya. sbor statisticheskix dannix mojet provoditsya kak organami gosudarstvennoy statistiki, nauchno-issledovatelskimi institutami, drugimi gosudarstvennimi strukturami, tak i ekonomicheskimi slujbami bankov, birj, predpriyatiy, firm. tolko v etom sluchae issledovateli poluchayut dostovernuyu i dostatochno raznoobraznuyu statisticheskuyu informatsiyu, pozvolyayushuyu vsestoronne izuchat sotsialno-ekonomicheskie yavleniya. etapi provedeniya statisticheskogo nablyudeniya: podgotovka nablyudeniya; provedenie massovogo sbora dannix; podgotovka dannix nablyudeniya k obrabotke; razrabotka predlojeniy po sovershenstvovaniyu provedeniya statisticheskogo nablyudeniya. 2. programmno-metodologicheskoe i organizatsionnoe obespechenie statisticheskogo nablyudeniya statisticheskoe nablyudenie doljno provoditsya po zaranee razrabotannomu planu, pri razrabotke kotorogo neobxodimo reshit mnojestvo vajnix zadach. eti zadachi mojno razdelit na: programmno-metodologicheskie; organizatsionnie. tsel kajdogo statisticheskogo nablyudeniya sostoit v poluchenii dostovernix dannix ob issleduemix protsessax i yavleniyax. ona doljna bit konkretnoy i chetko sformulirovannoy, isxodit iz obshix zadach, postavlennix pered statisticheskim issledovaniem yavleniya. tsel i zadachi predopredelyayut programmu i formu organizatsii nablyudeniya. v zavisimosti ot tseli i reshaemix zadach opredelyayutsya ob'ekt i edinitsa nablyudeniya. ob'ekt statisticheskogo nablyudeniya …

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x registratsii (pri neposredstvennom nablyudenii), libo eto perechen voprosov, po kotorim sobirayutsya svedeniya (pri oprosax). trebovaniya k programme nablyudeniy: programma nablyudeniya doljna soderjat vse osnovnie dlya nee priznaki, cherti, xarakterizuyushie te yavleniya i protsessi, kotorie ispolzovani v razrabotke materialov statisticheskogo nablyudeniya; vse kontrolnie voprosi, vxodyashie v programmu nablyudeniya, doljni bit kratko, no chetko sformulirovani; stepen polnoti i dostovernost poluchennix v xode statisticheskogo nablyudeniya dannix zavisyat ot kachestva programmi; voprosi v dannoy programme, doljni bit izlojeni v logicheskoy posledovatelnosti. odnovremenno s programmoy razrabativaetsya instrumentariy nablyudeniya v vide statisticheskix formulyarov i instruktsiy po ix zapolneniyu. statisticheskiy formulyar – eto dokument edinogo obraztsa, soderjashiy programmu i rezultati nablyudeniya (blank obsledovaniya, perepisnoy list, anketa, otchet i t. d.). v statistike razlichayut ob'ektivnoe i sub'ektivnoe vremya nablyudeniya. vremya nablyudeniya (ob'ektivnoe vremya) – eto vremya, k kotoromu otnosyatsya registriruemie svedeniya. esli ob'ektom nablyudeniya yavlyaetsya protsess, to opredelyaetsya promejutok vremeni, v techenie kotorogo nakaplivayutsya svedeniya. esli ob'ektom …

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sovokupnosti. viborochnoe nablyudenie - osnovano na sluchaynom otbore edinits, kotorie podvergayutsya nablyudeniyu. monograficheskoe nablyudenie (opisanie) zaklyuchaetsya v podrobnom opisanii otdelnix edinits statisticheskoy sovokupnosti, xarakterizuyushixsya redkimi kachestvennimi svoystvami. metod osnovnogo massiva - sostoit v izuchenii samix sushestvennix, naibolee krupnix edinits sovokupnosti, imeyushix po osnovnomu priznaku naibolshiy udelniy ves v izuchaemoy sovokupnosti. neprerivnoe (tekushee) nablyudenie sostoit v tom, chto fakti registriruyutsya neprerivno po mere ix postupleniya (registratsiya rojdeniy, smertey, uchet otrabotannogo vremeni tabelnim putem, uchet poseshaemosti i t.d.). prerivnoe nablyudenie - provoditsya po mere neobxodimosti, pri etom dopuskayutsya vremennie razrivi v registratsii dannix: periodicheskoe nablyudenie - provoditsya cherez sravnitelno ravnie intervali vremeni (perepis naseleniya); edinovremennoe nablyudenie - osushestvlyaetsya bez soblyudeniya strogoy periodichnosti ego provedeniya. pri neposredstvennom nablyudenii informatsiyu sobirayut spetsialno podgotovlennie lyudi, v zadachu kotorix vxodit poluchenie svedeniy putem lichnogo ucheta edinits sovokupnosti: podscheta, vzveshivaniya, izmereniya i t. d. znacheniya priznaka. pri dokumentalnom nablyudenii (uchete) v kachestve istochnika informatsii ispolzuyutsya razlichnogo roda …

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statisticheskoe nablyudenie statisticheskoe nablyudenie plan: ponyatie i trebovaniya statisticheskogo nablyudeniya programmno-metodologicheskoe i organizatsionnoe obespechenie statisticheskogo nablyudeniya vidi i sposobi statisticheskogo nablyudeniya organizatsionnie formi statisticheskogo nablyudeniya oshibki statisticheskogo nablyudeniya 1. ponyatie i trebovaniya statisticheskogo nablyudeniya slovo «informatsiya» v perevode s latinskogo yazika oznachaet osvedomlennost, davat svedeniya o chem-libo. statisticheskaya informatsiya (statisticheskie dannie) — pervichniy statisticheskiy material, formiruyushiysya v protsesse statisticheskogo nablyudeniya, kotoriy zatem podvergaetsya sistematizatsii, svodke, obrabotke, analizu i obobsheniyu. pervichniy statisticheskiy material — eto fundament st...

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