orfoepiya

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orfoepicheskie normi v oblasti soglasnix. plan: 1. kakie normi otnosyatsya k orfoepicheskim? 2. kakovi orfoepicheskie normi proiznosheniya glasnix zvukov? 3. kakie est primeri orfoepii? 1. vse parnie zvonkie soglasnie na kontse slov i pered gluximi soglasnimi zvuchat kak gluxie: god — go[t], noj — no[sh], moroz — moro[s], vizg — vi[sk], grozd — gro[s`t`], zagadka — zaga[t]ka. 2. gluxie parnie soglasnie pered sleduyushim zvonkim (krome [v, v``]) ozvonchayutsya (proisxodit assimilyatsiya (upodoblenie) zvukov): prosba — pro[z`]ba, vokzal — vo[g]zal, sgoret — [z]goret. 3. na meste bukvi ch proiznositsya zvuk [sh]: a) v slovax gorchi[sh]nik, kone[sh]no, prache[sh]naya, pustya[sh]niy, skvore[sh]nik, sku[sh]no, tryapo[sh]niy, yai[sh]nitsa; [sh]to, [sh]tobi, ni[sh]to (no: ne[ch]to) i dr.; b) v jenskix otchestvax, okanchivayushixsya na -ichna (ilini[sh]na, kuzmini[sh]na, nikiti[sh]na i t. p.). primechanie. v ryade sluchaev vozmojni varianti [ch] i [sh]: bulo[ch]naya — bulo[sh]naya, poryado[ch]niy — poryado[sh]niy,, podsve[ch]nik — podsve[sh]nik i dr. 4. na meste sochetaniy jch, stch, zch, sch proiznositsya myagkiy …

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o; g) na meste sochetaniy tts, dts, ts, ds proiznosyatsya dolgiy tverdiy [ts]: ottsi — o[ts`]i, dvadtsat — dva[ts`]at, podtsepil — po[ts`]epil, detstvo — de[ts]tvo, gospodstvo — gospo[ts]tvo. 7. v sochetaniyax tv, dv, zv, zd, sv, vm vozmojni tverdie i myagkie varianti pervogo zvuka pered myagkim soglasnim: che[tv]erg — che[t`v`]erg, [tv`]erdiy — [t`v`]erdiy, [dv`]er — [d`v`]er, [zv`]er —[z`v`]er, [sv`]et — [s`v`]et, [zm`]eya — [z`m`]eya; [st`]ena — [s`t`]ena, ra[zd`]et — ra[z`d`]et, [vm`]este — [v`m`]este, zo[nt`]ik — zo[n`t`]ik. primechanie. gubnie zvuki pered myagkimi soglasnimi obichno ne smyagchayutsya: su[m]ki, yu[b]ki, kre[p]kiy. 8. v sochetaniyax neskolkix soglasnix odin iz nix mojet ne proiznositsya: a) v sochetanii stn ne proiznositsya [t]: vestnik — ve[s`n`]ik, nenastniy — nena[sn]iy, uchastnik — ucha[sn]ik, chestniy — che[sn]iy; b) v sochetanii zdn ne proiznositsya [d]: pozdno — po[zn]o, prazdnik — pra[z`n`]ik, naezdnik — nae[z`n`]ik; v) v sochetanii stl ne proiznositsya [t]: schastliviy — scha[s`l`]iviy, sovestliviy — sove[s`l`]iviy. isklyuchenie. [t] soxranyaetsya …

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ey-bogu, buxgalter; gluxogo zvuka [x] v slovax bog, legkoe, legche, myagkaya, myagche; b) vozmojni varianti v slove [g]ospodi — []ospodi. 10. v bolshinstve zaimstvovannix slov pered bukvoy e proiznositsya myagkiy soglasniy zvuk: aka[d`]emiya, [b`]e[r`]et, [d`]eviz, [d`]ebati, [d`]ekoratsii, [d`]e[f`]ekti, ko[f`]e,, mu[z`]ey, [t`]ermin, shi[n`]el, fa[n`]era. isklyucheniya: a) s tverdim soglasnim pered e proiznosyatsya slova: anti[t]eza, a[t]eist, [t]ezis, biz[n]es, gro[t]esk, vun[d]erkind, [t]embr, [t]emp, [t]en[d]entsiya, in[t]erval, in[t]ernat, kompyu[t]er, rezyu[m]e, [r]eyting, ti[r]e, [t]en[d]er, ku[p]e, es[t]etika i dr.; b) vozmojno proiznoshenie myagkogo i tverdogo soglasnogo pered e v pristavke de- (dez-) i v pervoy chasti slojnix slov neo-: devalvatsiya, demilitarizatsiya, destabilizatsiya, deformatsiya, dezinformatsiya, dezodorant, dezorganizatsiya, neorealizm, neofashizm, a takje v slovax: [s]essiya — [s`]essiya, [d]ekan — [d`]ekan, ba[s]eyn — ba[s`]eyn, k[r]edo — k[r`]edo, kong[r]ess — kong[r`]ess, bu[t]erbrod — bu[t`]erbrod, berta, kramer i dr. no tverdo proiznosyatsya soglasnie v imenax: bella, bize, volter, dode, jores, karmen, meri, roden, flober, shopen, karter; v) v zaimstvovannix slovax s dvumya …

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atelnoe oglushenie zvonkix soglasnix v kontse slova. mi proiznosim xle[p] –xleb, sa[t] – sad, lyubo[f’] – lyubov. eto oglushenie yavlyaetsya odnim iz xarakternix priznakov russkoy literaturnoy rechi. nujno uchest, chto soglasniy [g] v kontse slova vsegda perexodit v parniy emu gluxoy zvuk [k]: lyo[k] – lyog. isklyuchenie sostavlyaet slovo bog – bo[x]. jivoe proiznoshenie v ego proshlom i sovremennom sostoyanii naxodit otrajenie v poeticheskoy rechi, v stixax, gde ta ili drugaya rifma govorit o proiznoshenii sootvetstvuyushix zvukov. tak, naprimer, v stixax a.s. pushkina ob oglushenii zvonkix soglasnix svidetelstvuet nalichie takix rifm, kak klad – brat, raz – chas. v polojenii pered glasnimi, sonornimi soglasnimi i [v] zvuk [g] proiznositsya kak vzrivnoy soglasniy. v nekotorix slovax pered glasnim proiznositsya frikativniy zadneyazichniy soglasniy [γ]. obyazatelen on tolko v slove buxgalter [buγa?lt’r], mejdometiyax aga, ogo. dopustimo proiznoshenie [γ] v mejdometiyax gospodi, ey-bogu. proiznoshenie [γ] v silnoy pozitsii xarakterno dlya yujnorusskix govorov. krome togo, …

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taniya ssh i zshproiznosyatsya kak dolgiy tvyordiy soglasniy [sh]: ni[sh]iy – nizshiy. ranshe v russkom yazike dlya bolshinstva soglasnix deystvovala zakonomernost: soglasniy, stoyashiy pered myagkim soglasnim, doljen bit toje myagkim (s’s’). zatem voznikla tendentsiya k otverdeniyu pervogo soglasnogo (s’s’ > ss’). eta zakonomernost v nashe vremya oxvativaet vsyo novie gruppi soglasnix. tak, [n’] pered [ch’], [sh’] obichno proiznositsya po starim normam: bube?[n’ch’]iki, ko[n’ch’]i?na, sme?[n’sh’]ik, je?[n’sh’]ina. drugie (naprimer, gubnie pered myagkimi zadneyazichnimi) obichno proiznosyatsya po novim normam: lya?[mk’]i, la?[fk’]i, trya?[pk’]i, syo[mg’]e. u tretix (naprimer, u gubnix i zubnix pered myagkimi gubnimi) ravnopravni oba varianta: [v’b’]it i [vb’]it, [d’v’]er i [dv’]er. novaya zakonomernost pronikaet i v sochetaniya zubnix soglasnix. tak, obichno zubnoy pered myagkim zubnim myagkiy: mo?[s’t’]ik,le[s’n’]i?k, u[z’d’]e?chka, ba?[n’t’]ik, o[d’n’]i?, o[t’t’]yanu?t, po[d’d’]e?t. no po «mladshey» norme v takix sochetaniyax dopustima i nepolnaya myagkost i daje tvyordost pervogo soglasnogo: [st’]ena?, [zd’]e?shniy, o[tn’]ima?t, o?pol[zn’]i. proiznoshenie tvyordogo [n] v etoy pozitsii chasto nablyudaetsya v slovax …

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orfoepicheskie normi v oblasti soglasnix. plan: 1. kakie normi otnosyatsya k orfoepicheskim? 2. kakovi orfoepicheskie normi proiznosheniya glasnix zvukov? 3. kakie est primeri orfoepii? 1. vse parnie zvonkie soglasnie na kontse slov i pered gluximi soglasnimi zvuchat kak gluxie: god — go[t], noj — no[sh], moroz — moro[s], vizg — vi[sk], grozd — gro[s`t`], zagadka — zaga[t]ka. 2. gluxie parnie soglasnie pered sleduyushim zvonkim (krome [v, v``]) ozvonchayutsya (proisxodit assimilyatsiya (upodoblenie) zvukov): prosba — pro[z`]ba, vokzal — vo[g]zal, sgoret — [z]goret. 3. na meste bukvi ch proiznositsya zvuk [sh]: a) v slovax gorchi[sh]nik, kone[sh]no, prache[sh]naya, pustya[sh]niy, skvore[sh]nik, sku[sh]no, tryapo[sh]niy, yai[sh]nitsa; [sh]to, [sh]tobi, ni[sh]to (no: ne[ch]to) i dr.; b) v jen...

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