obmen lipidov

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mi kubanskiy gosudarstvenniy meditsinskiy universitet kafedra fundamentalnoy i klinicheskoy bioximii obmen lipidov perevarivanie lipidov. transport lipidov. rezervirovanie i mobilizatsiya lipidov v jirovoy tkani. obmen jirnix kislot: sintez i raspad. funktsii lipidov energeticheskaya rezervnaya strukturnaya teploizolyatsiya mexanicheskaya zashita regulyatornaya vitaminnaya biologicheskaya rol lipidov rezerv i istochnik energii klassifikatsiya lipidov klassifikatsiya prostix lipidov prostie lipidi: slojnie efiri jirnix kislot s razlichnimi spirtami atsilglitseroli (neytralnie jiri) - slojnie efiri trexatomnogo spirta glitserina i visshix jirnix kislot. voska - slojnie efiri odnoatomnix ili dvuxatomnix dlinotsepochechnix spirtov i visshix jirnix kislot steridi - slojnie efiri tsiklicheskogo spirta xolesterola i visshix jirnix kislot stroenie prostix lipidov klassifikatsiya fosfolipidov stroenie glitserolfosfolipidov stroenie sfingofosfolipidov sfingomielini jirnie kisloti nasishennie nenasishennie: monoenovie polienovie glitserofosfolipidi glitserol jirnie kisloti fosfornaya kislota aminospirt plazmalogeni sfingomielini sfingozin jirnaya kislota fosfornaya kislota aminospirt sfingomielini xolesterol efir xolesterola klassifikatsiya glikolipidov stroenie sfingoglikolipidov jirnie kisloti tkaney cheloveka dlinnotsepochechnie jirnie kisloti nazvanie kisloti sn : m struktura kislot …

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a v jeludke pod deystviem jeludochnoy lipazi. lingvalnaya i jeludochnaya lipazi gidrolizuyut v osnovnom korotko- i srednetsepochechnie jk – imeet znachenie dlya novorojdennix (gidroliz tag moloka v kotorix soderjitsya mnogo korotko- i srednetsepochechnix jk) i lits s nedostatochnostyu podjeludochnoy jelezi. perevarivanie neytralnogo jira perevarivanie lipidov v kishechnike (neobxodimie usloviya) shelochnaya sreda – rn = 8 (bikarbonati pankreaticheskogo soka) lipoliticheskie fermenti kolipaza jelchnie kisloti jelchnie kisloti sinteziruyutsya v pecheni iz xolesterola videlyayutsya s jelchyu v dvenadtsatiperstnuyu kishku funktsii jelchnix kislot emulgirovanie pishevix lipidov aktivatsiya podjeludochnoy lipazi vsasivanie lipidov aktivatsiya pankreaticheskoy lipazi stroenie jelchnix kislot rol fosfolipaz r1–cooh – nasishennaya jk r2–cooh – nenasishennaya jk perevarivanie steridov vsasivanie produktov gidroliza lipidov v enterotsitax mitselli raspadayutsya. produkti gidroliza lipidov podvergayutsya resintezu. jelchnie kisloti vsasivayutsya v krov, postupayut v pechen, povtorno videlyayutsya v jkt (kishechno-pechenochnaya tsirkulyatsiya jelchnix kislot). perevarivanie i vsasivanie lipidov regulyatsiya perevarivaniya lipidov sekretin stimuliruet videlenie pechenyu i podjeludochnoy jelezoy vodyanistogo rastvora …

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+ ns-coa xolesterol + r-co-s-coa efir xolesterola + ns-coa resintezirovannie lipidi obrazuyut xilomikroni, kotorie dostavlyayut jiri k tkanyam resintez neytralnogo jira (i) resintez neytralnogo jira (ii) stroenie xilomikrona stroenie xilomikrona rol lipoproteinlipazi rol lipoproteinlipazi n tipi lipoproteinov tipi lipo-proteinov xilo-mikroni (xm) lponp lppp lpnp lpvp funktsii transport ekzogennix lipidov transport endogen-nix lipidov promeju-tochnaya forma transport xolesteri-na v tkani udalenie izbitka xolesterina mesto obrazovaniya epiteliy tonkogo kishechnika kletki pecheni krov krov (iz lponp i lppp) kletki pecheni plotnost, g/ml 0,92-0,98 0,96-1,00 1,00-1,06 1,06-1,21 diametr chastits, nm >120 30-100 21-100 7-15 osnovnie apoproteini v-48 s-ii e v-100 s-ii e v-100 e v-100 a-i s-ii e sostav lipoproteinov promejutochniy obmen lipidov tag (jiri) yavlyayutsya slojnimi efirami jirnix kislot i trexatomnogo spirta glitserola. k 3 gidroksilnim gruppam glitserola prisoedineni 3 ostatka jirnix kislot stroenie triatsilglitserolov (tag) tag – gidrofobnie molekuli, razlichayutsya stroeniem jirnokislotnix radikalov (r1, r2, r3,). o r2 – c – o – …

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oa enoilgidrataza o || r – ch2 – ch = ch – c ~ skoa – enoil - koa – β – gidroksiatsil - koa 2-y etap – sobstvenno β -okislenie jirnix kislot β – gidroksiatsil – koa degidrogenaza o o || || r – ch2 – c – ch2 – c ~ skoa on o | || r – ch2 – ch – ch2 – c ~ skoa – β – gidroksiatsil - koa nad + nadh + h + v tspe na fmn 3 atf – β –ketoatsil - koa 2-y etap – sobstvenno β -okislenie jirnix kislot β –ketoatsil– koa tiolaza hskoa sleduyushiy tsikl β - okisleniya o o || || r – ch2 – c – ch2 – c ~ skoa – β –ketoatsil - koa o || h3c– c ~ skoa - atsetil- koa v tstk – 3-y etap β-okisleniya jk 12 atf || r …

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koa n o i etapi β – okisleniya oleinovoy kisloti okislenie polinenasishennix jirnix kislot etapi β – okisleniya oleinovoy kisloti etapi β – okisleniya oleinovoy kisloti biosintez nasishennix jirnix kislot otlichiya biosinteza jirnix kislot ot ix okisleniya protsess protekaet v tsitoplazme kletki idet s potrebleniem energii za schet atf trebuet nadfn n+, kotoriy obrazuetsya v pentozofosfatnom puti okisleniya glyukozi ili pri rabote malik-fermenta neobxodimo «startovoe» soedinenie malonil-koa proisxojdenie substratov dlya sinteza jirnix kislot i tag glyukoza glyukozo – 6 - fosfat fruktozo– 6 - fosfat glitserol – 3 fosfat nadp+ pfput glyukozo – 6 fosfat dg piruvat daf gaf nadpn+n+ nadp+ mitoxondrialnaya membrana pdk malat atf malik - ferment oksaloatsetat karboksilaza atsetil - koa tsitratliaza atsetil - koa oksaloatsetat tsitrat jirnaya kislota malonil - koa atsetil- koa palmitoil-sintetaza tag xolesterol α - ketoglutarat izotsitrat suktsinat fumarat malat ↓ ↓ v ↑ nadn/nad+ ↑ atf/adf suktsinil - koa izotsitratdegidrogenaza tsitozol ↓ …

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mi kubanskiy gosudarstvenniy meditsinskiy universitet kafedra fundamentalnoy i klinicheskoy bioximii obmen lipidov perevarivanie lipidov. transport lipidov. rezervirovanie i mobilizatsiya lipidov v jirovoy tkani. obmen jirnix kislot: sintez i raspad. funktsii lipidov energeticheskaya rezervnaya strukturnaya teploizolyatsiya mexanicheskaya zashita regulyatornaya vitaminnaya biologicheskaya rol lipidov rezerv i istochnik energii klassifikatsiya lipidov klassifikatsiya prostix lipidov prostie lipidi: slojnie efiri jirnix kislot s razlichnimi spirtami atsilglitseroli (neytralnie jiri) - slojnie efiri trexatomnogo spirta glitserina i visshix jirnix kislot. voska - slojnie efiri odnoatomnix ili dvuxatomnix dlinotsepochechnix spirtov i visshix jirnix kislot steridi - slojnie efiri tsiklicheskogo ...

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