teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov

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ministerstvo visshego obrazovaniya, nauki i innovatsiy respubliki uzbekistan tashkentskiy gosudarstvenniy texnicheskiy universitet sh.t. xojiev, b.t. berdiyarov, k.t. ochildiev, s.k. nosirxujaev teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov rekomendovan v kachestve uchebnika sovetom tashkentskogo gosudarstvennogo texnicheskogo universiteta tashkent 2023 udk 669.053.4 xojiev sh.t., berdiyarov b.t., ochildiev k.t., nosirxujaev s.k. teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov. uchebnik. – tashkent: “…………”, 2023. s. 258. dannoy uchebnik napisan na osnove predmeta “teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov” i soderjit v svoem sostave tekst lektsiy, prakticheskix zanyatiy i drugix materialov. v nem rassmatrivayutsya takie temi kak, obshie svedeniya o termodinamikax elektrolitnix rastvorov, termodinamika prostogo vishelachivaniya, termodinamika protsessov ximicheskogo vishelachivaniya, kinetika i mexanizm protsessov vishelachivaniya, metodi uskoreniya protsessov vishelachivaniya, kinetika i mexanizm protsessov vishelachivaniya samorodkov, oksidov i sulfidov metallov, osnovi protsessov ekstraktsii, osnovi ionoobmennix protsessov, a takje osnovi videleniya metallov i ix soedineniy iz vodnix rastvorov. mazkur darslik “gidrometallurgiya jarayonlari nazariyasi” fani asosida yozilgan bo‘lib, ma’ruza matnlari, amaliy mashg‘ulotlar hamda boshqa materiallarni o‘z ichiga jamlagan. unda …

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tirilgan. this textbook is written on the basis of the subject “theory of hydrometallurgical processes” and contains in its council text of lectures, practical exercises and other materials. it covers topics such as general information on the thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions, the thermodynamics of simple leaching, the thermodynamics of chemical leaching processes, the kinetics and mechanism of leaching processes, the methods of accelerating leaching processes, the kinetics and mechanism of leaching processes of metal nuggets, oxides and sulfides, the basics of extraction processes, the basics of ion exchange processes, as well as the basics of the separation of metals and their compounds from aqueous solutions. retsenzenti: matkarimov z.t. – phd, dotsent kafedri “texnologii silikatnix materialov, redkix i blagorodnix metallov” tashxti. muxametdjanova sh.a. – phd, dotsent kafedri “metallurgiya” tashgtu. ©tashkentskiy gosudarstvenniy texnicheskiy universitet, 2023 vvedenie metallurgicheskie protsessi podrazdelyayutsya na pirometallurgicheskie i gidrometallurgicheskie. sut gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov zaklyuchaetsya v perevode metallov iz rudi, …

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ie protsessi otlichayutsya malim rasxodom reagentov i primeneniem prostix mashin; - protsessi vedutsya pri nizkoy temperature (naprimer, perevod zolota v rastvor s pomoshyu rastvorov tsianidov osushestvlyaetsya pri temperature okrujayushey sredi); - vozmojnost perevoda metallov v rastvor v samoy shaxte (metod podzemnogo vishelachivaniya); - gidrometallurgicheskie protsessi imeyut vozmojnost kompleksnoy pererabotki sirya (izvlechenie vsex tsennix veshestv iz sostava sirya s visokimi tempami). naprimer, pri proizvodstve tsinka metallicheskie kadmiy, indiy i talliy izvlekayutsya iz dopolnitelnogo sirya; - primenenie protsessov sorbtsii i ekstraktsii; - snijenie vibrosov toksichnix gazov i pili v atmosferu v gidrometallurgicheskix protsessax, nizkaya temperatura rabochey sredi v proizvodstvennix tsexax. osnovnie protsessi, primenyaemie v gidrometallurgii pri izvlechenii metallov iz sirya gidrometallurgicheskimi sposobami razlichnie protsessi provodyat v sleduyushem poryadke: - predvaritelnaya mexanicheskaya obrabotka rudi - droblenie, izmelchenie, sortirovka s tselyu chastichnogo ili polnogo vskritiya mineralnix chastits, napravlyaemix na vishelachivaniya; - protsessi perevoda trudnorastvorimix mineralov v vodnix rastvorax v rastvorimoe sostoyanie - sulfatirovanie, xlorirovanie, …

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ntatsiya, izmelchenie i dr. metodi. ris.1. printsipialnaya texnologicheskaya sxema gidrometallurgicheskogo izvlecheniya tsinka nije rassmotrim tipovie gidrometallurgicheskie sxemi: sxema 1: pererabotka sulfidnogo tsinkovogo kontsentrata. snachala provodit objig sulfidnix tsinkovix kontsentratov, a zatem poluchennuyu ogarku vishelachivayut v rastvore sernoy kisloti. potom s pomoshyu elektroliticheskogo osajdeniya poluchayut metallicheskiy tsink (ris.1). sxema 2: pererabotka zolotosoderjashix kvartsevix rud. snachala rudi drobyatsya i izmelchayutsya, zatem napravlyayutsya v protsess vishelachivaniya. konechniy rastvor filtruyut, i zolotosoderjashiy rastvor tsementiruyut v prisutstvii poroshka tsinka ili osajdayut v metallicheskom vide metodom elektroliza (ris.2). ris.2. printsipialnaya texnologicheskaya sxema gidrometallurgicheskoy pererabotki zolotosoderjashix rud kak vidno iz visheizlojennogo, izvlechenie metallov iz produktov dobichi gidrometallurgicheskim sposobom predstavlyaet soboy slojniy mnogostadiyniy protsess. kajdaya stadiya, v svoyu ochered, delitsya na raznie vetvi i podchinyaetsya opredelennim fizicheskim i ximicheskim zakonam. izuchenie prakticheskogo primeneniya etix zakonomernostey i ix razvitie sostavlyaet chast nauki o gidrometallurgicheskix protsessax. glava 1. termodinamika elektrolitnix rastvorov 1.1. rastvorenie i tipi vishelachivaniya. klassifikatsiya i vibor rastvoriteley …

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naxoditsya v tverdoy faze v vide rastvorimogo v vode soedineniya, vishelachivanie svoditsya k prostomu perexodu veshestva iz tverdoy fazi v rastvor po sxemam: meso4 + ag → meso4 (rastv.) (1.1) ili mecl2 + ag → mecl2 (rastv.) (1.2) tipichniy sluchay: vodnoe rastvorenie soedineniy tyajelix tsvetnix metallov posle sulfatiziruyushego ili xloriruyushego objiga. rastvorenie s obmennoy reaktsiey est 3 raznovidnosti etogo tipa vishelachivaniya: 1. okisel metalla vzaimodeystvuet s kislotoy, obrazuya rastvorimuyu sol i vodu – meo + h2so4= meso4 + h2o (1.3) rasprostranenniy primer etogo tipa – vishelachivanie ogarkov okislitelnogo objiga tsinkovix kontsentratov. 2. rastvorenie trudnorastvorimix soedineniy tipa mes, meso3 i t.d. s udaleniem v gazovuyu fazu anionov soedineniy: mes+h2so4=meso4+h2s↑ (1.4) ili meco3+h2so4 = meso4 + h2co3 , h2co3 = h2o + co2 (1.5) 3. trudnorastvorimoe soedinenie izvlekaemogo metalla me vzaimodeystvuet s rastvorimoy solyu vtorogo metalla me/, obrazuya menee rastvorimoe soedinenie vtorogo metalla i rastvorimuyu sol pervogo: [mes]tv+me/so4 = [me s]tv + …

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ministerstvo visshego obrazovaniya, nauki i innovatsiy respubliki uzbekistan tashkentskiy gosudarstvenniy texnicheskiy universitet sh.t. xojiev, b.t. berdiyarov, k.t. ochildiev, s.k. nosirxujaev teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov rekomendovan v kachestve uchebnika sovetom tashkentskogo gosudarstvennogo texnicheskogo universiteta tashkent 2023 udk 669.053.4 xojiev sh.t., berdiyarov b.t., ochildiev k.t., nosirxujaev s.k. teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov. uchebnik. – tashkent: “…………”, 2023. s. 258. dannoy uchebnik napisan na osnove predmeta “teoriya gidrometallurgicheskix protsessov” i soderjit v svoem sostave tekst lektsiy, prakticheskix zanyatiy i drugix materialov. v nem rassmatrivayutsya takie temi kak, obshie svedeniya o termodinamikax elektrolitnix rastvorov, termodinami...

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