digestive system

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digestive system the digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. the alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. the accessory organs are the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, hard arid soft palates, liver, gallblader and pancreas. the organs of the digestive system are covered with the serous coat, the peritoneum. it has the visceral and parietal layers. important structures of the mouth arc the tongue which contains the end organ for taste and the teeth which divide and mix the food. the oral and laryngeal portions of the pharynx serve as a channel for the passage of food and air. our food passes through it from the mouth to the esophagus and air from the nasal pharynx to the larynx. the esophagus conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach. the stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. it …

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$olent cause. early man may have attributed desease to a separation of soul and body. in any case there doubtless arose a class of men who claimed skill in the art of healing, and whose methods of treatment included dancing, grimacing, sleight-of-hand, and all the tricks of the magician. in some cases it was necessary to combine physical with psychic methods; of this we have an excellent example in trephining, which originated as a means of permitting the escape of an evil spirit from the head ot the victim, and which gradually became a method of treating fractures of the skull and various intracranial lesions. at its simplest, the digestive system is a tube running from mouth to anus. its chief goal is to break down huge macromolecules (proteins, fats and starch), which cannot be absorbed intact, into smaller molecules (amino acids, fatty acids and glucose) that can be absorbed …$

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s the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids, functions as a passageway for air, and has no function in the digestive system. the middle region posterior to the oral cavity is the oropharynx. this is the first region food enters when it is swallowed. the opening from the oral cavity into the oropharynx is called the fauces. masses of lymphoid tissue, the palatine tonsils, are near the fauces. the lower region, posterior to the larynx, is the laryngopharynx, or hypopharynx. the laryngopharynx opens into both the esophagus and the larynx. food is forced into the pharynx by the tongue. when food reaches the opening, sensory receptors around the fauces respond and initiate an involuntary swallowing reflex. this reflex action has several parts. the uvula is elevated to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. the epiglottis drops downward to prevent food from entering the larynx and trachea in order to direct the food …

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es, the sphincters relax and small amounts of food or drink may come back up briefly; this condition is called reflux. the esophagus quickly squeezes the material back into the stomach. this amount of reflux and the reaction to it by the esophagus are considered normal. stomach the stomach, which receives food from the esophagus, is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. the stomach is divided into the fundic, cardiac, body, and pyloric regions. the lesser and greater curvatures are on the right and left sides, respectively, of the stomach. gastric secretions the mucosal lining of the stomach is simple columnar epithelium with numerous tubular gastric glands. the gastric glands open to the surface of the mucosa through tiny holes called gastric pits. four different types of cells make up the gastric glands: mucous cells parietal cells chief cells endocrine cells the secretions of the exocrine gastric …

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digestive system the digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. the alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. the accessory organs are the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, hard arid soft palates, liver, gallblader and pancreas. the organs of the digestive system are covered with the serous coat, the peritoneum. it has the visceral and parietal layers. important structures of the mouth arc the tongue which contains the end organ for taste and the teeth which divide and mix the food. the oral and laryngeal portions of the pharynx serve as a channel for the passage of food and air. our food passes through it from the mouth to the esophagus …

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