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psixotropnie sredstva neyroleptiki antimaniakalnie trankvilizatori sedativnie veshestva * psixotropnimi (pt) nazivayut veshestva, okazivayushie spetsificheskoe vozdeystvie na psixicheskuyu sferu deyatelnosti cheloveka: oni mogut korrigirovat protsessi mishleniya, emotsii i nastroenie, povedencheskie reaktsii i t.d. prakticheskoe tspolzovanie: psixozi, nevrozi. . . . stress, ↓pamyati, ↓obuchaemosti. . . . vozniknoveniyu gruppi polojilo nachalo otkritie xlorpromazina (aminazina) v1952 godu * 1. veshestva, ispolzuemie dlya lecheniya psixozov (antipsixoticheskie ) - neyroleptiki - antidepressanti - antimaniakalnie 2.veshestva, ispolzuemie pri nevrozax i pogranichnix s psixozami sostoyaniyax – (antinevroticheskie) - trankvilizatori 3. veshestva, ispolzuemie pri snijennoy psixicheskoy, v tom chisle umstvennoy deyatelnosti – - psixostimulyatori - nootropi * 1.veshestva psixosedativnogo deystviya – - neyroleptiki trankvilizatori antidepressanti 2.veshestva psixoaktiviruyushego deystviya – - psixostimulyatori antidepressanti 3.ne okazivayut ni sedativnogo ni aktiviruyushego deystviya – antimaniakalnie veshestva nootropi 4. vizivayut dezorganizatsiyu deyatelnosti tsns – psixodizleptiki, gallyutsinogeni, eyforianti: pr-e indola (lsd-25, bufotenini, psilotsibin) pr-e kannabinola (gashish, marixuana, anasha) alkaloidi – atropin, meskalin, geroin i …

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edeniya psixozi: o. alkogolniy, o. infektsionniy psixoz, shizofreniya * mezolimbicheskiy put (regulyatsiya emotsiy) mezokortikalniy put (regulyatsiya mishleniya) gipotalamus (regulyatsiya tº i endokrinnix funktsiy) ekstrapiramidnaya sistema (regulyatsiya dvigatelnix funktsiy) puskovaya zona rvotnogo tsentra (stvol mozga – stimulyatsiya rvotnogo tsentra) * : d1, d2 –postsinapticheskie d3, d4, d5 - presinapticheskie mexanizm antipsixoticheskogo deystviya nl ischeznovenie gallyutsinatsiy, breda, asotsialnix chert, normalizatsiya povedeniya po aktivnosti: galoperidol ftorfenazin triftazin klozapin sulpirid xlorprotiksen aminazin levomepromazin ats g d2 d1 d3,d4 + - butiro-fenoni feno-tiazini - α- ar 5-nt2 v mezolimbicheskoy i mezokortikalnoy sisteme blokiruyut d2r * kora mezolimbika blokada retseptorov * * * proyavlyayutsya: mishechnoy rigidnostyu - ↑ tonusa skeletnix mishts tremorom –postoyannoe neproizvolnoe drojanie gipokineziey - skovannostyu dvijeniy vizivayut vse tipichnie nl: galoperidol > triftazin >aminazin > ftorfenazin > tioridazin > xlorprotiksen > sulpirid korrektor – tsiklodol (tsentralniy mxl) ne vizivayut atipichnie nl: klozapin (azaleptin) –blokator d2, d4 , 5-nt i mxr fenotiazini * deystvie …

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nnosti (galoperidol, triftazin, etaperazin) v kachestve jaroponijayushix v liticheskix kokteylyax s nna i n1b v kachestve gipotermicheskix v operativnoy xirurgii (iskusstvennaya gibernatsiya ili krioxirurgiya) v kachestve gipotenzivnix pri gk (aminazin) * ekstrapiramidnie narusheniya (korrektor –tsentralniy mxl tsiklodol) snijenie emotsiy, apatiya, depressiya (aminazin) – neyrolepticheskiy sindrom gormonalnie narusheniya (ginekomastii, galaktoreya, narushenie menstrualnogo tsikla, impotentsiya, povishenie massi tela) ortostaticheskaya gipotenziya, kollaps (aminazin) zastoynaya jeltuxa suxost vo rtu, atoniya kishechnika, taxikardiya razdrajenie koji, slizistix (aminazin) allergii leyko- i granulotsitopenii (klozapin)) * manii - boleznenno povishennoe vozbujdennoe sostoyanie, pervaya faza maniakalno – depressivnogo psixoza (mdp) preparati litiya (litiya karbonat) mexanizm: li + yavlyaetsya antagonistom na+ (narushaet protsessi depolyarizatsii ) li + snijaet visvobojdenie ka iz nervnix okonchaniy i povishaet vnutrikletochnoe deponirovanie na vipuskaetsya v tab, effekt razvivaetsya medlenno (klinicheskie proyavleniya tolko ch-z 2-3 nedeli peredozirovka- tremor, chuvstvo ustalosti, sonlivost * * sinonimi: anksiolitiki, ataraktiki, antifobicheskie veshestva eto gruppa psixotropnix sredstv, izbiratelno korrigiruyushix emotsionalnuyu sferu: …

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liticheskiy sedativniy (net u mezapama) somnolentniy, snotvorniy potentsiruyushiy miorelaksantniy protivosudorojiy amnesticheskiy (v/v) * mexanizm deystviya gamk-ergicheskix sredstv gamk nervnoe okonchanie sl - gamka-retseptor + postsinapticheskaya membrana neyronov kori, podkorkovix oblastey, i spinnogo mozga allostericheskiy uchastok bdr + benzodiazepini sl - sl - + giperpolyarizatsiya sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - sl - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + br * allostericheskoe vzaimodeystvie gamk-ergicheskoe nervnoe okonchanie benzodiazepini diazepam barbiturati br bdr flumazenil – blokator bdr, antagonist bd trankvilizatorov * pokazaniya k ispolzovaniyu trankvilizatorov anksioliticheskiy effekt: nevrozi, nevroticheskie reaktivnie sostoyaniya ekstremalnie sostoyaniya (stress) pristupi panicheskix straxov, somnambulizm (snoxojdenie) kupirovanie abstinentnogo sindroma sedativniy effekt: bessonnitsa, narushenie zasipaniya (nitrazepam) dlya potentsirovaniya narkoza , analgezii (ataralgeziya – v/v diazepam + …

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hayut virabotku tormoznix uslovnix refleksov i ugasanie vozbujdayushix refleksov. dozirovanie v zavisimosti ot tipa vnd effektivni pri nevrozax, narusheniyax sna, vegeto-sosudistix rasstroystvax, lechenii epilepsii kumuliruyut, nakaplivayutsya v mejkletochnoy jidkosti, vitesnyayut ioni sl- xronicheskaya intoksikatsiya (bromizm): obshaya zatormojennost,↓ pamyati, kojnie visipaniya, kashel, nasmork, kon'yunktiviti pomosh: otmena bromidov + obilnoe solyonoe pityo (do3l v sutki) * ilcuxotponuble cpeqctba onpejzesiehve tepmuha kaaccugukauua itt cpeqcrs 110 ochobhbim noka3ahham k hciojib30bahhio kaaccug@ukanna itt cpeqcrs no xapaktepy oomero nelicrbua ha whc a. mcuxotommmermyeckoe geiicrane ica avatwnamag vgeprakobon kucnorbi, 0,0001r/70kr kaaccugukayna heiiposentukos (hji) sx1mn tanonepuzona dekahoat haloperidol decanoat macnaie mhbekumh aina exyrpumeiwesoro npwmenenr™ ® asanientmh ‘kno3aruh 0,025r se een teenie arias asanenthh weil egnorox 0 025" gg, 4708.092008 ig otis cnenuguyeckne sdextsi hj jodamun jlo6has kopa _ — tunotanamyc bucounaa kopa z ~~ mesonum6nyeckaa cucrema petnkynapuaa ‘opmayna jlekapctbehhan 3abucumoctb km 3noynotpeénenne nekapctbehhbimm cpepacctbamu megmatopos kokauh ankoronb amqbetamun 6ap6utypatbi aekcamdetamunn? xnopanrugpat metmnehamokcn- xnlometvason? metamqetamun? ca**-kananbl 4 6eh30qnazennub! fanntoynunorenbt …

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psixotropnie sredstva neyroleptiki antimaniakalnie trankvilizatori sedativnie veshestva * psixotropnimi (pt) nazivayut veshestva, okazivayushie spetsificheskoe vozdeystvie na psixicheskuyu sferu deyatelnosti cheloveka: oni mogut korrigirovat protsessi mishleniya, emotsii i nastroenie, povedencheskie reaktsii i t.d. prakticheskoe tspolzovanie: psixozi, nevrozi. . . . stress, ↓pamyati, ↓obuchaemosti. . . . vozniknoveniyu gruppi polojilo nachalo otkritie xlorpromazina (aminazina) v1952 godu * 1. veshestva, ispolzuemie dlya lecheniya psixozov (antipsixoticheskie ) - neyroleptiki - antidepressanti - antimaniakalnie 2.veshestva, ispolzuemie pri nevrozax i pogranichnix s psixozami sostoyaniyax – (antinevroticheskie) - trankvilizatori 3. veshestva, ispolzuemie pri snijennoy psixicheskoy, v tom chi...

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