prezentatsiya po teme "pishevaritelnaya sistema"

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otdeli pishevaritelnogo trakta. prezentatsiya po teme pishevaritelnaya sistema vvedenie pishevarenie — eto protsess rasshep-leniya biopolimerov pishi do mono-merov i ix vsasivanie v organizm. to, chto chelovek upotreblyaet v pishu, nazivayut pishevimi produktami. oni sostoyat iz pitatelnix veshestv: belkov, lipidov, uglevodov. vedushuyu rol v perevarivanii pishi igrayut pishevaritelnie fermenti. funktsii pishevaritelnoy sistemi: pishevarenie, vsasivanie, udalenie neperevarennix ostatkov, zashitnaya, sekretornaya, motornaya (obespechivaet glotanie, jevanie i t. p.). metodi pavlova mnimoe kormlenie fistula izolirovanniy jeludok protok jelezi vivoditsya naruju, chto pozvolyaet sobi-rat i izuchat chis-tiy sekret jelezi. u sobaki s jeludochnoy fistuloy pererezayut pishevod, poetomu pisha v jeludok ne popadaet. cherez fistulu sobira-yut chistiy jeludochniy sok. v jeludke sobaki dela-li izolirovanniy otsek, kotoriy imel s bolshim jeludkom obshuyu inner-vatsiyu. pisha v nego ne popadala, i iz nego sobirali chistiy jeludo-chniy sok. drugie metodi endoskopiya radioelektronnie metodi rentgenoskopiya uzi zondirovanie rotovaya polost v rotovuyu polost otkrivayutsya protoki slyunnix jelez. polost rta soobshaetsya s glotkoy …

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cheskix; tsement po svoemu sostavu priblijaetsya k kosti. vnutri zuba naxoditsya polost, zapolnennaya zubnoy pulpoy, bogatoy sosudami i nervami. rotovaya polost: zubi zub postroen iz dentina, kotoriy v oblasti koronki pokrit emalyu, a v oblasti kornya – tsementom. po forme zubi delyatsya na reztsi kliki korennie zubi rotovaya polost: zubi sredi korennix zubov videlyayut t.n. «zubi mudrosti», kotorie obichno poyavlyayutsya posle 20 let. zubnaya formula rebenka: 2-0-1-2 (polovina lyuboy chelyusti; bolshie korennie, malie korennie, klik, reztsi). vsego 20 molochnix zubov. zubnaya formula vzroslogo cheloveka: 3-2-1-2 (polovina lyuboy chelyusti; bolshie korennie, malie korennie, klik, reztsi). vsego 32 zuba. rotovaya polost: zubi obrazovan poperechnopolosatoy mishechnoy tkanyu. snaruji slizistaya obolochka (pokrita neorgovevayushim mnogosloynim epiteliem). rotovaya polost: yazik funktsii: uchastvuet v formirovanii pishevogo komka i v obrazovanii zvukov rechi, soderjit vkusovie retseptori. glotka. eto voronkoobrazniy kanal, sostoyashiy iz trex chastey: verxnyaya (nosoglotka) – soobshaetsya s nosovoy polostyu; srednyaya (rotovaya) – soobshaetsya s rotovoy polostyu; …

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sostavlyaet 5-6 m. v stenke tri obolochki (slizistaya, mishechnaya i seroznaya). tonkaya kishka obrazuet petli. on sostoit iz dvenadtsatiper-stnoy, toshey i podvzdoshnoy kishki. v dvenadtsatiperstnuyu kishku otkrivayutsya protoki pecheni i podjeludochnoy jelezi. tonkiy kishechnik na slizistoy obolochke est vorsinki, kotorie uvelichivayut vsasivatelnuyu poverxnost. vorsinki pokriti odnosloynim epiteliem u kotorogo est virosti – mikrovorsinki. vnutri vorsinki est krovenos-niy i limfaticheskiy kapillyar, slepo nachinayushiysya na vershine. tolstiy kishechnik 3 otdela: slepaya, obodochnaya i pryamaya kishka dlina: 1,5-2 m. v stenke 3 obolochki: slizistaya, mishechnaya, seroznaya naselen bakteriya-mi, uchastvuyushimi v pishevarenii. pishevaritelnie jelezi slyunnie podjeludochnaya pechen vneshnyaya sekretsiya; protoki vpadayut v rotovuyu polost smeshannaya sekretsiya; protoki vpadayut v dvenadtsatiperstnuyu kishku vneshnyaya sekretsiya; protoki vpadayut v dvenadtsatiperstnuyu kishku slyunnie jelezi 3 pari bolshix: okoloushnie, pod'yazichnie, podnijnechelyustnie. videlyayut slyunu (0,5—2 l v sutki), sostoyashuyu iz vodi, ionov, fermentov amilazi i maltazi, bakteritsidnogo veshestva lizotsima i mutsinov. slyuna imeet slaboshelochnuyu reaktsiyu. podjeludochnaya jeleza raspolojena v bryushnoy …

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fermenti; obrazovanie geparina, prepyatstvuyushego svertivaemosti krovi; sintez belkov plazmi krovi (fibrinogen, protrombin); razrushenie eritrotsitov . regulyatsiya pishevareniya nervnaya gumoralnaya osushestvlyaetsya s pomoshyu veshestv tak, gastrin i atsetilxolin usilivayut sokrasheniya i rabotu, a adrenalin i noradrenalin — tormozyat. osushestvlyaetsya impulsami. simpaticheskaya ns tormozit, a parasimpaticheskaya – usilivaet. deystvuyut refleksi: uslovnie bezuslovnie pisha popala v organ pishevaritelnoy sistemi pri vide, zapaxe ili mislyax o ede pishevarenie v rotovoy polosti proisxodit: 1. izmelchenie pishi – s pomoshyu zubov 2. smachivanie pishi – mutsini i voda slyuni 3. pervichnaya ximicheskaya obrabotka: fermenti amilaza, maltaza rassheplyayut uglevodi 4. chastichnoe obezzarajivanie – deystvuet lizotsim 5. formirovanie pishevogo komka – yazik, zubi, slyuna. primerno cherez 20 s proisxodit glotanie – bezuslovniy refleks pishevarenie v jeludke - dlitsya ot 3 do 10 ch. - jeludochniy sok videlyaetsya tolko jelezami jeludka. on sostoit iz: 1) vodi, 2) solyanoy kisloti. ona opredelyaet kisluyu reaktsiyu sredi, aktiviruet fermenti, obladaet antibakterialnim deystviem …

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lora tolstogo kishechnika uchastvuet v zashite ot boleznetvornix mikrobov, sinteze vitaminov k, b6, b12, rassheplenii tsellyulozi. takje v stenkax kishechnika est spetsialnie limfoidnie obrazovaniya, vxodyashie v sostav immunnoy sistemi organizma. vsasivanie v limfu vsasivayutsya produkti perevarivaniya lipidov i jirorastvo-rimie vitamini. v krov vsasivayutsya prostie saxara, aminokisloti, voda i ioni, vo-dorastvorimie vitamini. eto protsess perenosa veshestv iz polosti organov jeludochno-kishechnogo trakta v krov ili limfu. jeludok rotovaya polost tonkiy kishechnik tolstiy kishechnik vsasivayutsya organicheskie veshestva vsasivayutsya voda i ioni vsasivayutsya voda, spirt, vitamin b12, ioni i glyukoza vsasivayutsya voda, spirt, lekarstva, ioni i glyukoza neznachitelnoe osnovnoe nekotorie bolezni jeludochno-kishechnogo trakta karies gelmintozi eto razrushenie emali zuba, a zatem i dentina, chasto soprovojdayusheesya vozniknoveniem vospalitelnix protsessov eto zabolevaniya, vizivaemie chervyami-parazitami, naprimer: askarida ostritsa svinoy i bichiy tsepni shirokiy lentets nekotorie bolezni jeludochno-kishechnogo trakta yazva gastrit appenditsit eto vospalenie slizistoy obolochki eto vospalenie appendiksa bakterialnie infektsii xolera bryushnoy tif dizenteriya profilaktika jeludochno-kishechnix zabolevaniy …

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otdeli pishevaritelnogo trakta. prezentatsiya po teme pishevaritelnaya sistema vvedenie pishevarenie — eto protsess rasshep-leniya biopolimerov pishi do mono-merov i ix vsasivanie v organizm. to, chto chelovek upotreblyaet v pishu, nazivayut pishevimi produktami. oni sostoyat iz pitatelnix veshestv: belkov, lipidov, uglevodov. vedushuyu rol v perevarivanii pishi igrayut pishevaritelnie fermenti. funktsii pishevaritelnoy sistemi: pishevarenie, vsasivanie, udalenie neperevarennix ostatkov, zashitnaya, sekretornaya, motornaya (obespechivaet glotanie, jevanie i t. p.). metodi pavlova mnimoe kormlenie fistula izolirovanniy jeludok protok jelezi vivoditsya naruju, chto pozvolyaet sobi-rat i izuchat chis-tiy sekret jelezi. u sobaki s jeludochnoy fistuloy pererezayut pishevod, poetomu pisha v jelu...

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