mikroskop

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mavzu № 1. mikroskop. mikroskop bilan ishlash qoidasi. vaqtinchalik preparatlar tayyorlash. 1-topshiriq. savollarga javob yozing. 1.mikroskopdan biologiyada va tibbiyotda qanday maqsadlarda foydalaniladi? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. mikroskoplarning qanday turlarini bilasiz. _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.mikroskopning asosiy qismlarini aytib bering va ularni ko'rsating. __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. mikroskopda ishlash qoidalarini puxta o'rganib chiqing. __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. qo’shimcha adabiyotlardan foydalanib, har xil turdagi mikroskoplarning ishlash prinsiplari haqida tushunchalarga ega bo’ling. _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. mikroskopning ,,kuchi“, ajrata olish qobiliyati tushunchalarini izohlab bering. _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. mikroskopda buyumni o'rganish qaysi ob’yektivdan boshlanadi? _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

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__________ 2-topshiriq. mikroskopni tuzilishi bilan tanishing va jadvalni to’ldiring. № mikroskopning mexanik qismlari mikroskopning optik qismlari mikroskopning yorituvchi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3-topshiriq. mikroskopni yaratgan olimlarni to’g’ri tartibda joylashtiring. № mikroskop turlari mikroskopni yaratgan olimlar to’g’rijavob gollandiyalik savdogar antoni van levenguk (1632-1723) o'z davrida mikroskoplar yaratishda ajoyib natijalarga erishdi. u 200-270 marta kattalashtiradigan linzalarni ixtiro qila oldi. mikroskopni birinchi yaratuvchilardan fizik va matematik galileo galiley (1610) hisoblanadi ikki linzali mikroskop yordamida yanada yaxshi ishlash va yaxshi tasvir sifatiga erishish mumkin. bunday qurilmaning yaratilishi ingliz fizigi robert guk (1665) nomi bilan bog'liq. bu mikroskop 30 marta kattalashtiradi. 4-topshiriq. vaziyatga doir masalalar. 1.talaba kichik obyektivni joyiga qo'yib, mikroskopni ishchi holatiga tayyorlay olmadi. talaba qanday xatolarga yo‘l qo'ygan bo'lishi mumkin? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. kichik obyektivda preparat o'rganilganidan keyin, katta ob’yektivga o'tildi. lekin buyumning tasviri ko'rinmadi. sabablarini aytib bering. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. talaba mikropreparatni o'rganayotib …

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tlanuvchi obyektiv joylashgan boʻladi. buyum stolchasi→ustiga preparat qoʻyiladi va uni qisqichlar yordamida mahkamlanadi. koʻzgu→yorugʻlikni toʻplaydi va obyektiv orqali okulyarga uzatiladi. makrovint→(katta buragich)fukus masofani yaqinlashtirib tasvirni aniq koʻrish mumkin. mikrovintni→(kichik buragich) burash orqali oʻrganilayotgan obyektning aniq tasviri hosil qilinadi shtativga→tubus va buyum stolchasi biriktirilgan(deyarli barcha qismlar oʻrnatilgan boʻladi) mavzu № 2. viruslar. prokariot va eukariot hujayralar. ularning o‘ziga xos umumiy tuzilishi va farqlari. eukariot hujayralarning ultrastrukturaviy tuzilishi. 1-topshiriq. savollarga javob yozing. 1.hujayrani qanday fanlar o’rganadi? ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.hujayraning hozirgi zamon ta’rifini bering. ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.hujayra nazariyasining biologik ahamiyativa asosiy qoidalarini aytib bering. ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.hujayra nazariyasining tibbiyotdagi ahamiyatini tushuntiring. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.prokariot va eukariot hujayralarining asosiy farqlarini aytib bering. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. organoi

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dlar klassifikatsiyasini tushuntiring. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. organoidlarning tuzilishi, funksiyalarini tushuntiring. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. qanday organoidlarni yorug’lik mikroskopida, qandaylarini esa elektron mikroskopda ko’rish mumkin? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. kiritmalar organoidlardan qanday farqlanadi? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2-topshiriq. viruslarni xillarini o’rganing va jadvalni to’g’ri to’ldiring. _ viruslar keltirib chiqaradigan kasalliklar kasallikning nomi qo’zg’atuvchi virus tananing jarohatlanadigan qismi tarqalish yo’li gripp miksovirus ospa (chechak) chin chechak chaqiruvchi dnk saqlovchi virus epidemik parotit rnk saqlovchi paramiksovirus qizamiq rnk saqlovchi paramiksovirus poliomiyelit rnk saqlovchi paramiksovirus sariq lixoradka (isitma) rnk saqlovchi arbovirus 3-topshiriq. bakteriyalarni xillarini o’rganing va jadvalni to’g’ri to’ldiring. bakteriyalar keltirib chiqaradigan kasalliklar. kasallikning nomi qo’zg’atuvchi virus tananing jarohatlanadigan qismi tarqalish yo’li tuberkulyoz (sil) mycobacterium tuberculosis-tayoqchasimon bakteriya difteriya (bo’g’ma) coryne bacterium diphterine-tayoqchasimon bakteriya coclyush(ko’kyo’tal) bordetella pertussis-tayoqchasimon bakteriya gonoreya(so’zak) neisseria gonorrhoeae-kokksharsimon ba

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kteriya sifilis (zaxm) treponeta pallidum-spiroxeta stolbnyak (qoqshol) colistridium tetani –tayoqchasimon bakteriya xolera (vabo) vibric cholera- vergul’simon bakteriya 4-topshiriq. prokariot va eukariot hujayralar o’rtasidagi asosiy farqlarni yozing. belgilar prokariotlar eukariotlar yadro yo’q, dnk sitoplazmadajoylashgan. bor,ikkimembranaliqobig’ibor,yadrochasaqlaydi. genetik material hujayra devori mezosomalar organoidlar membranasi ribosomalar tsitoskelet hujayraga moddalarning kirish usullari hazm vakuolalari mitoz va meyoz gametalar xivchinlar o’lchamlari 5-topshiriq. quyidagi organoidlarni aniqlang va funksiyalarini yozing. № hujayra organoidlari funksiyalari 6-topshiriq. rasmda qanday hujayra tasvirlangan? rasmdagi raqamlar bilan ko'rsatilgan organoidlarning nomlarini yozing. № organoidlar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 mavzu №3. hujayra membranasining nozik tuzilishi va hujayraga moddalarning kirishi. 1-topshiriq.savollarga javob yozing. 1.hujayra membranasining tuzilish sxemasini yozing. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. hujayra membranasining kimyoviy tarkibini yozing. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2-topshiriq. membrananing vazifalarini yozing: 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ 3-topshiriq. hujayraga moddalarning kirish yo’llarini yozing. 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________

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mavzu № 1. mikroskop. mikroskop bilan ishlash qoidasi. vaqtinchalik preparatlar tayyorlash. 1-topshiriq. savollarga javob yozing. 1.mikroskopdan biologiyada va tibbiyotda qanday maqsadlarda foydalaniladi? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. mikroskoplarning qanday turlarini bilasiz. _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.mikroskopning asosiy qismlarini aytib bering va ularni ko'rsating. __________________________________________________________________ _______________...

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