geometriya 7-sinf

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geometriya 7-sinf 21.06.2017 bez.indd geometriya 7 toshkent œyangiyo4l poligraf servisb 2017 umumiy o4rta ta’lim maktablarining 7-sinfi uchun darslik tuzatilgan va to4ldirilgan uchinchi nashr o4zbekiston respublikasi xalq ta’limi vazirligi tasdiqlagan 978-9943-382-96-1 mundarija i bob. boshlang4ich geometrik ma’lumotlar. planimetriya 1. geometriya fani va predmeti. geometriya fanining vazifalari ...................6 2. eng sodda geometrik shakllar: nuqta, to4g4ri chiziq va tekislik ..................8 3. kesma va nur .............................................................................................10 4. kesmalarni taqqoslash ...............................................................................12 5. kesmaning uzunligi va uning xossalari ......................................................14 6. kesmalarni o4lchash ...................................................................................16 7. aylana va doira ..........................................................................................18 8. amaliy mashg4ulot .....................................................................................20 9. bob bo4yicha takrorlash .............................................................................22 10. 1-nazorat ishi .............................................................................................24 amaliy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantiruvchi qo4shimcha materiallar ...........25 ii bob. burchak 11. burchak. burchaklarni taqqoslash ..............................................................28 12. burchaklarni o4lchash. transportir.............................................................30 13. burchak turlari: to4g4ri, o4tkir va o4tmas burchaklar. bissektrisa ...............32 14. qo4shni va vertikal burchaklar hamda ularning xossalari ...........................34 15. geometriyani o4rganishda fikrlar ketma-ketligi va bog4liqligi ....................36 16. perpendikulyar to4g4ri chiziqlar ....................

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..............................................38 17. teskarisini faraz qilib isbotlash usuli ..........................................................40 18. amaliy mashg4ulot .....................................................................................42 19. bob bo4yicha takrorlash .............................................................................44 20. 2-nazorat ishi .............................................................................................46 amaliy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantiruvchi qo4shimcha materiallar ...........48 iii bob. ko4pburchaklar va uchburchaklar 21. siniq chiziq. ko4pburchak .........................................................................52 22. uchburchak. uchburchaklarning turlari ....................................................54 23. uchburchakning muhim elementlari: mediana, balandlik va bissektrisa ...............................................................56 24. uchburchaklar tengligining birinchi (tbt # tomon-burchak-tomon) alomati ...................................................58 25. teng yonli uchburchakning xossalari .........................................................60 26. uchburchaklar tengligining ikkinchi (btb # burchak-tomon-burchak) alomati ................................................62 27. uchburchaklar tengligining uchinchi (ttt # tomon-tomon-tomon) alomati .....................................................64 28. kesma o4rta perpendikulyarining xossasi ...................................................66 29. amaliy mashg4ulot .....................................................................................68 30. bob bo4yicha takrorlash .............................................................................70 31. 3-nazorat ishi .............................................................................................73 amaliy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantiruvchi qo4shimcha materiallar ...........75 iv bob. parallel to4g4ri chiziqlar 32. to4g4ri chiziq

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larning parallelligi ................................................................. 78 33. ikki to4g4ri chiziq va kesuvchi hosil qilgan burchaklar ............................... 80 34. ikki to4g4ri chiziqning parallellik alomatlari ............................................... 82 35. ikki to4g4ri chiziqning parallellik alomatlari (davomi) ................................ 84 36. teskari teorema ......................................................................................... 86 37. ikki parallel to4g4ri chiziq va kesuvchi hosil qilgan burchaklar .................. 88 38. masalalar yechish ....................................................................................... 90 39. bob bo4yicha takrorlash ............................................................................. 92 40. 4-nazorat ishi ............................................................................................. 94 v bob. uchburchak tomonlari va burchaklari orasidagi munosabatlar 41. uchburchak ichki burchaklarining yig4indisi haqidagi teorema ................. 98 42. uchburchak tashqi burchagining xossasi .................................................. 100 43. masalalar yechish ..................................................................................... 102 44. to4g4ri burchakli uchburchakning xossalari .............................................. 104 45. to4g4ri burchakli uchburchaklarning tenglik alomatlari ........................... 106 46. masalalar yechish ..................................................................................... 108 47. burchak bissektrisasining xossasi .............................................................. 110 48. uchburchakning tomonlari va burchaklari orasidagi munosabatlar .......... 112 49. uchburchak tengsizligi ............................................................................. 114 50. bob bo4yicha takrorlash ........................................................................... 116 51. 5-na

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zorat ishi ........................................................................................... 119 amaliy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantiruvchi qo4shimcha materiallar .........121 vi bob. yasashga doir masalalar 52. sirkul va chizg4ich yordamida yasashga doir masalalar ............................ 124 53. qiziqarli masala va boshqotirmalar .......................................................... 126 54. berilgan burchakka teng burchakni yasash ............................................... 128 55. burchak bissektrisasini yasash .................................................................. 130 56. berilgan to4g4ri chiziqqa perpendikulyar to4g4ri chiziq yasash. kesmani teng ikkiga bo4lish ..................................................................... 132 57. uchburchakni berilgan uch tomoniga ko4ra yasash.................................. 134 58. masalalar yechish ..................................................................................... 136 59. bob bo4yicha takrorlash ........................................................................... 138 60. 6-nazorat ishi ........................................................................................... 140 amaliy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantiruvchi qo4shimcha materiallar .........141 matematik masalalar xazinasi ................................................................142 vii bob. takrorlash 61. geometrik masalalarni yechish bosqichlari .............................................. 144 62. hisoblashga doir masalalar....................................................................... 146 63. isbotlashga doir masalalar ........................................................................ 148 64-65. takrorlashga doir topshiriq va masalalar ............................................ 150 66-68. yakuniy nazorat ishi va xatolar ustida ishlash ................................... 154 javoblar va ko4rsatmalar ......................................................................

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..... 156 i bob boshlang‘ich geometrik ma’lumotlar. planimetriya 1 3 6 90 240 120 120 240 240 60 40 7 5 2 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 geometriyaga oid dastlabki tushunchalar bundan 4#5 ming yil muqaddam qadimgi misrda paydo bo4lgan. o4sha kezlarda nil daryosining suvi har yili toshib, ekin maydonlarini yuvib turgan. shuning uchun, ekinzorlarni qayta taqsimlash va soliq miqdorini aniqlash uchun bu maydonlarda belgilash va o4lchash ishlarini bajarishga to4g4ri kelgan (1-rasm). qadimgi yunon olimlari yer o4lchash usullarini misrliklardan o4rganib, uni geometriya deb ataganlar. œgeometriyab yunon- cha so4z bo4lib, œgeob # yer, œmetriob # o4lchash degan ma’noni anglatuvchi qismlardan tuzilgan. mil. avv. vii#vi asrlarda qadimgi xorazmda ham misrdagi kabi amudaryoning quyi qismida yer o4lchash ishlari bajarilgan. geometriyaga oid dastlabki tushunchalar qadimgi bobilda ham bo4lgan. xususan, tarix- chilar pifagor teoremasi bobilda topilgan deb hisoblashadi. qadimgi yunon olimi evklid o4sha paytgacha ma’lum bo4lgan barcha geometrik tushuncha va xossalarni …

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geometriya 7-sinf 21.06.2017 bez.indd geometriya 7 toshkent œyangiyo4l poligraf servisb 2017 umumiy o4rta ta’lim maktablarining 7-sinfi uchun darslik tuzatilgan va to4ldirilgan uchinchi nashr o4zbekiston respublikasi xalq ta’limi vazirligi tasdiqlagan 978-9943-382-96-1 mundarija i bob. boshlang4ich geometrik ma’lumotlar. planimetriya 1. geometriya fani va predmeti. geometriya fanining vazifalari ...................6 2. eng sodda geometrik shakllar: nuqta, to4g4ri chiziq va tekislik ..................8 3. kesma va nur .............................................................................................10 4. kesmalarni taqqoslash ...............................................................................12 5. kesmaning uzunligi va uning xossalari ....................................

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