ilm va fani yak soha hisobida: pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ

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powerpoint taqdimoti mavzu:2‑mohulia: ilm va fani yak soha hisobida: pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ — marhilahoi asosii rushd. ҷam'iyati pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ va fa'oliyatash. naqsha: 1.ilm va fan hamchun yak soha dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ: marhilahoi asosii rushd. 2..davrai avvalini rushdi ilm. 3.davrahoi duyum va seyumi rushdi fanni pedagogikai qiyosӣ va xususiyathoi xos‐onho. 4.ҷam'iyati pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ va fa'oliyati on. ilm va fan hamchun yak soha dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ: marhilahoi asosii rushd. bunyodi doimii ilmi ixtiyorӣ sharti zarurӣ baroi rushdi ustuvor ast, ki on dar marhilahoi evolyutsionӣ bo ogohӣ az nasl ba nasl meguzarad. baroi fanhoi pedagogӣ in xele muhim ast, chun muammohoi voqeii ta'lim‑tarbiya, ki az yak davra ba davrai digar guzasht mekunand, doimist va bo muhiti iҷtimoivu ta'rixӣ payvastand. dar sharoiti navi iҷtimoӣ‑ta'rixӣ va dar marhilai navi rushdi ilmӣ, kor boyad bo takya bar merosi ta'rixӣ va ilmӣ anҷom shavad. pedagogikai ta'rixӣ na tanho maҷmӯi …

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un az zamonhoi qadim savoli «onho chӣ guna ta'lim medihand?» mardumro ba hayaҷon meovard. bisyoriho az taҷribai hamsoyagon niz istifoda meburdand baroi tarbiyai kӯdakon va ҷavonon. masalan, platon dar yunon usulhoi tarbiyai spartalihoro dar afina ba kor burd. ta'rixnamohoi qadim misli tatsit «dar borai paydoishi germanho va ҷoygirshavii olmon» dar borai tarbiyai kӯdakon dar qabilahoi nemis ma'lumot medihand.dar asari gerodot «ta'rix» niz nazarhoro dar borai tarbiyai forsho, sakho va massajetho ovardaast. masalan, borizi hast, ki forsho mardudoriro ba chashm megiriftand va baroi tarbiyai pisaron dar oila va ҷomea ahamiyati maxsus medodand. hamin tavr, asorat va an'anavu urfhoi mardumӣ dar tarbiyai kӯdakon naqshi muhim doshtand, ammo ba dalel nadoshtani tadqiqoti sistematik va ma'lumoti adabii ilmӣ, on zamonho mufassal ba sahifai fannӣ vorid nashudand. ba'ze aqliullohho va mutafakkironi sharq misli abu nasr forobӣ dar asari «fozil odamon shahri», yo yusuf xos xoҷib dar «quttg'i bilig», va alӣsher navoӣ dar «mahbub ul‑qulub» dar …

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alotstsi (shveytsariya), nazariyahoi russo (faronsa), andeshahoi axloqii kant (olmon) dar ma'rifati avrupoӣ ta'siri kalon guzoshtand. mark antuan julen (1775‑1848) hamchun asosguzori pedagogikai qiyosӣ shinoxta meshavad. ӯ avvalin shuda maqsadho va vazifahoi fanni qiyosiro muayyan kard, ma'lumoti mahalliro ҷam' karda, taҷribahoi davlathoi gunogunro tahlil namud. ҷun monro, i. kendel, v. rassel, n. hens, f. shnayder va p. rosselo digar olimone budand, ki dar asri xx dar rushdi pedagogikai qiyosӣ va tadqiqoti ta'limӣ sahm guzoshtand. dar rossiya va davlathoi sobiq ittihodi shuravӣ niz pas az inqilobho kor dar samti omӯzishi taҷribahoi xoriҷӣ, maktabho va usulhoi ta'limii gunogun ba miyon omad. ҷam'iyati pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ va fa'oliyati on. bo guzashti vaqt, zarurati barrasii taҷribahoi xoriҷӣ va muqoisa kardani sistemahoi ta'limii gunogun beshtar paydo shud. ba in maqsad ҷam'iyatho va sozmonhoi ilmiyu pedagogӣ ta'sis yoftand, ki amalan taҷribahoi kishvarhoi gunogunro ҷam' mekunand, taqsim menamoyand va halli mushkilotro taklif mekunand. ba'ze az fa'oliyathoi …

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haxsiyati imperator boisi tashakkuli nizomi hukumati markazonidashuda gardid, ki monea dar rohi tahavvuli ҷopon ba yak davlati demokratii muosir to miyonahoi asri xx shud. vale komyobihoi imrӯzii ҷopon dar arsai ҷahonӣ asosan ba rӯhi millӣ va an'anahoi onho takya mekunand. me'yoru mazmuni shuuri millӣ va andeshai millӣ muayyankunandai vaz'i imrӯzii millat meboshad. az in rӯ, arzishho, urfu odat va an'anahoi ba millat xos boyad mutobiqati onho bo me'yorhoi rushdi ҷahoniro nishon dihand va hamchun asosi rushdi millӣ istifoda shavand. har an'ana va urfu odate, ki xosi millat ast, zeri mafhumi merosi millӣ ҷoygir meshavad. vale tanho on qismati meros, ki metavonad ba rushdi minba'dai millat musoidat namoyad, boyad hamchun arzishi millӣ pos doshta shavad. millati ӯzbek niz, bo istifoda az taҷribai olmon va ҷopon, ba sӯi bunyodi asoshoi taraqqiyoti dunyavӣ hadaf meguzorad. baroi rasidan ba in maqsad, zarur ast, ki hama yakdilona va yakҷoya kor kunand. az in rӯ, isloh …

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atbiqi prinsiphoi bozsozii maktab na hamesha natiҷai dilxoh medihad, balki metavonad ziddiyathoro ba miyon orad. ba ҷoi demokratӣ gardondan – besarusomonӣ, za'fi intizom, pastshavii sifati ta'lim, ba ҷoi farqguzorӣ – tavaҷҷuhi yakҷoniba ba yak fan va bee'tinoӣ nisbat ba digar fanho dida meshavad. dar natiҷa, nizomi ta'lim va tarbiya betartib gashta, sathi umumii ma'rifat kohish meyobad. amaliyot nishon medihad, ki baroi halli masoili muhim dar ta'lim omӯzishi merosi farhangii xalq va taҷribai xoriҷӣ muhim meboshad. az in rӯ, dar muassisahoi tahsiloti olӣ samthoi strategii fanni pedagogika boyad chunin boshand: omӯzishi merosi ta'limӣ va muqoisai on bo sistemai muosiri ta'lim; baland bardoshtani sathi tayyorii amalӣ omӯzgoron; muayyan kardani omӯzgoroni layoqatmandu sohibiste'dod; boy gardondani samthoi umumӣ va kasbu hunar bo texnologiyai innovatsionӣ. sistemai ta'limii mo va digar nizomhoi ta'limii millӣ doroi ta'rixi shaklgirii baynulmilalӣ meboshand. in baynulmilalӣ na tanho hamkorii pedagogӣ, balki ravandi monand dar iqtisod, iҷtimo', texnologiyai ittilootӣ va zersoxtori puriqtidori …

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powerpoint taqdimoti mavzu:2‑mohulia: ilm va fani yak soha hisobida: pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ — marhilahoi asosii rushd. ҷam'iyati pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ va fa'oliyatash. naqsha: 1.ilm va fan hamchun yak soha dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ: marhilahoi asosii rushd. 2..davrai avvalini rushdi ilm. 3.davrahoi duyum va seyumi rushdi fanni pedagogikai qiyosӣ va xususiyathoi xos‐onho. 4.ҷam'iyati pedagogikai qiyosӣ dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ va fa'oliyati on. ilm va fan hamchun yak soha dar ta'limi ibtidoӣ: marhilahoi asosii rushd. bunyodi doimii ilmi ixtiyorӣ sharti zarurӣ baroi rushdi ustuvor ast, ki on dar marhilahoi evolyutsionӣ bo ogohӣ az nasl ba nasl meguzarad. baroi fanhoi pedagogӣ in xele muhim ast, chun muammohoi voqeii ta'lim‑tarbiya, ki az yak davra ba davrai digar guzash...

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