classification of words: synonyms, antonyms and homonyms

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o’zbekiston respublikasi oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti xorijiy tillar fakulteti ingliz tilshunosligi kafedrasi 11-1tna-21-guruh talabasi yusupova madinaning “classification of words: synonyms, antonyms and homonyms” mavzusidagi kurs ishi 5120200-tarjimonlik nazariyasi va amaliyoti ilmiy rahbar: yuldasheva f.e. buxoro-2023 content: 1. word as a main object of lexicology 3 2. classification of words from semantic point of view 7 3. general features of synonyms and their meaning 14 4. lexico-semantic characteristics of antonyms 21 5. classification of homonyms of the english language 29 conclusion 34 the list of used literature: 36 1. word as a main object of lexicology words are the central elements of language system. the definition of a word is one of the most difficult in linguistics because the simplest word has many different aspects. it has a sound form and morphological structure; when used in actual speech, it may occur in different word-forms, different syntactic …

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age, their difference lies in the fact that the phoneme is not significant, and a morpheme cannot be used as a complete utterance. lexicology is a part of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of the language. it also studies all kinds of semantic grouping and semantic relations: synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, semantic fields, etc. in this connection, the term vocabulary is used to denote a system formed by the sum total of all the words and word equivalents that the language possesses[footnoteref:1]. the term word denotes the basic unit of a given language resulting from the association of a particular meaning with a particular group of sounds capable of a particular grammatical employment. a word therefore is at the same time a semantic, grammatical and phonological unit. so, the subject-matter of lexicology is the word, its morphemic structure, history …

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e english language the above science is oriented towards the english word and its morphological and semantic both synchronic structures, researching the interdependence between these two aspects. these structures are identified and distinguished by contrasting the nature and arrangement of their elements[footnoteref:2]. [2: adams v. an introduction to modern english word formation. longman, 1976. 398 p. ] as every word is a unity of semantic, phonetic and grammatical elements, the word is studied not only in lexicology, but in other branches of linguistics, too, lexicology being closely connected with general linguistics, the history of the language, phonetics, stylistics, and grammar. according to s. ullmann, lexicology forms next to phonology, the second basic division of linguistic science (the third is syntax) [2]. consequently, the interaction between vocabulary and grammar is evident in morphology and syntax. grammar reflects the specific lexical meaning and the capacity of words to be combined in human …

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purposes of human communication, materially representing a group of sounds, possessing a meaning, susceptible to grammatical employment and characterized by formal and semantic unity. there are 4 basic kinds of words: 1) orthographic words – words distinguished from each other by their spelling; 2) phonological words – distinguished from each other by their pronunciation; 3) word-forms which are grammatical variants; 4) words as items of meaning, the headwords of dictionary entries, called lexemes. a lexeme is a group of words united by the common lexical meaning, but having different grammatical forms. the base forms of such words, represented either by one orthographic word or a sequence of words called multi-word lexemes which have to be considered as single lexemes (e.g. phrasal verbs, some compounds) may be termed citation forms of lexemes (sing, talk, head etc), from which other word forms are considered to be derived. semantics (from ancient greek σημαντικός …

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between form and meaning.[11] some major contributions to the study of semantics have derived from studies in the 1980–1990s in related subjects of the syntax–semantics interface and pragmatics. the semantic level of language interacts with other modules or levels (like syntax) in which language is traditionally divided. in linguistics, it is typical to talk in terms of "interfaces" regarding such interactions between modules or levels. for semantics, the most crucial interfaces are considered those with syntax (the syntax–semantics interface), pragmatics, and phonology (regarding prosody and intonation). 2. classification of words from semantic point of view semantic classification of words. semantic similarity or polarity of words mb observed in the similarity of their denotational or connotational mean. similarity or polarity of the denotational component of lex mean is to be found in lex groups of synonyms & antonyms. synonymy & antonymy are usually felt to be correlative notions: firstly b/c the …

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o’zbekiston respublikasi oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti xorijiy tillar fakulteti ingliz tilshunosligi kafedrasi 11-1tna-21-guruh talabasi yusupova madinaning “classification of words: synonyms, antonyms and homonyms” mavzusidagi kurs ishi 5120200-tarjimonlik nazariyasi va amaliyoti ilmiy rahbar: yuldasheva f.e. buxoro-2023 content: 1. word as a main object of lexicology 3 2. classification of words from semantic point of view 7 3. general features of synonyms and their meaning 14 4. lexico-semantic characteristics of antonyms 21 5. classification of homonyms of the english language 29 conclusion 34 the list of used literature: 36 1. word as a main object of lexicology words are the central elements of language system. the definition of a word is one...

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