psixologiya tarixi: inson ruhiyatini o'rganish yo'li

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ml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide4.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide7.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide9.xml.rels [content_types].xml psixologiya tarixi: inson ruhiyatini o'rganish yo'li inson ongini tushunish intilishi ming yillar davomida davom etgan sayohat. qadimgi falsafadan zamonaviy neurofanga qadar psixologiya insoniyatning eng qiziqarli savollarga javob izlash yo'lidir. qadimgi davrlar: falsafa va psixologiyaning birinchi urinishlari sharq donoları qadimgi misr, xitoy va hindiston sivilizatsiyalarida ruhiyat va ong haqidagi birinchi tasavvurlar paydo bo'ldi. konfutsiy va buddaning ta'limotlari inson xulq - atvorini tushunishga intildi . ayurveda: tana va ruh uyg'unligi konfutsiylik: axloqiy rivojlanish buddizm: ong va azoblarni tushunish yunon faylasuflari sokrat, aflotun va arastu inson tabiati, bilim va axloq haqida chuqur fikrlar bildirdilar. ularning g'oyalari zamonaviy psixologiyaga asos bo'ldi . sokrat: o'z-o'zini bilish usuli aflotun: ruh uch qismli tuzilishi arastu: kuzatish va tajriba asoslari 19-asr: psixologiyaning mustaqil fan sifatida shakllanishi 1 1 850-1870 fiziologiya va psixologiyaning yaqinlashuvi. gustav fechner psixofizika asoslarini yaratdi va mental jarayonlarni o'lchash mumkinligini ko'rsatdi. 2 1879 vilgelm vundt leypsigda birinchi …

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falsafadan ajratib, mustaqil eksperimental fanga aylantirdi. introspeksiya usul i ongli tajribalarni ichki kuzatish orqali o'rganish ong tuzilishi ongli tajribalarni elementlarga ajratish va tahlil qilish eksperimental yondashuv psixik jarayonlarni ilmiy usullar bilan o'rganish strukturalizm va funksionalizm maktablari strukturalizm: ongning elementlar i edvard titchener vundtning g'oyalarini amerikaga olib keldi. strukturalistlar ongni eng oddiy elementlarga ajratish va ularning qanday birlashishini o'rganishga e'tibor qaratadilar. introspeksiya — asosiy tadqiqot usul i sezgi, his-tuyg'u va tasvirlar tahlili mental jarayonlar tuzilishini aniqlash funksionalizm: ongning maqsad i uilyam jeyms va jon dyui strukturalizmga qarshi chiqdilar. funksionalistlar ong nima ekanligidan ko'ra, u nima uchun kerakligini o'rgandilar. amaliy psixologiya rivojlanish i moslashuv va evolyutsiya tamoyillari xulq-atvorning maqsadli tabiati zigmund freyd va psixoanaliz nazariyasi 90% ongsizlik freydga ko'ra, xulq-atvorimizning aksariyati inqilobiy g'oyalar zigmund freyd (1856-1939) psixologiyada to'liq inqilob yaratdi. u ongsiz jarayonlar, bolalik tajribalari va ichki ziddiyatlarning ahamiyatini ta'kidladi. 1 shaxsiyat tuzilishi id (instinktlar), ego (reallik) va superego (axloq) o'rtasidagi murakkab …

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jazo orqali xulq-atvorni shakllantirish usullarini o'rgandi. "menga sog'lom bir o'nta bola bering, men ulardan har qandaysini - shifokor, advokat, rassom yoki hatto qaroqchi ham qilib yetishtira olaman." — jon uotson gumanistik psixologiya: maslow va rojersning hissasi uchinchi kuch 1950-60 yillarda gumanistik psixologiya psixoanaliz va behavioralizmga alternativa sifatida paydo bo'ldi. bu yondashuv inson potentsiali, o'sish va o'z-o'zini amalga oshirishga e'tibor qaradi . ijobiy qarash kasallik emas, salomatlik va rivojlanishga e'tibor holistik yondashuv insonni yaxlit shaxs sifatida ko'rish 1 o'z-o'zini amalga oshirish 2 hurmat ehtiyojlari 3 muhabbat va tegishlilik 4 xavfsizlik ehtiyojlari 5 fiziologik ehtiyojlar maslowning ehtiyojlar ierarxiyasi — inson motivatsiyasining eng taniqli modeli kognitiv psixologiya va aqliy jarayonlarni o'rganish 1960-yillarda kognitiv inqilob psixologiyani yana o'zgartirdi. olimlar diqqatni ichki aqliy jarayonlarga — xotira, e'tibor, til va muammolarni hal qilishga qaratdilar. xotira tadqiqotlari qisqa muddatli va uzoq muddatli xotira, kodlash va eslab qolish jarayonlarini o'rganish e'tibor mexanizmlari tanlangan e'tibor, bo'lingan e'tibor va e'tiborni …

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