tashkentskiy gosudarstvenniy stomatologicheskiy institut

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slayd 1 tashkentskiy gosudarstvenniy stomatologicheskiy institut predmet glaznie bolezni refraktsiya opticheskaya sistema glaza v funktsionalnom otnoshenii, glaz mojno razdelit na 2 osnovnix otdela: svetoprovodyashiy i svetovosprinimayushiy svetoprovodyashiy otdel sostavlyayut prozrachnie sredi glaza: rogovitsa vlaga peredney kameri xrustalik steklovidnoe telo opticheskie sredi glaznogo yabloka fizicheskaya refraktsiya glaza vzroslogo cheloveka sostavlyaet v srednem okolo 60,0 d rogovitsa – 40,0 d xrustalik – 16,0-18,0 d steklovidnoe telo i vnutriglaznaya jidkost - okolo 2,0 d luchi sveta, otrajennie ot rassmatrivaemix, predmetov, proxodyat cherez 4 prelomlyayushie poverxnosti: perednyuyu i zadnyuyu poverxnosti rogovitsi perednyuyu i zadnyuyu poverxnosti xrustalika refraktsiya prelomlenie sveta v opticheskoy sisteme opticheskaya os glaza pryamaya liniya, proxodyashaya cherez tsentri krivizni vsex prelomlyayushix poverxnostey glaza osnovnie ponyatiya glavniy fokus mesto peresecheniya parallelno idushix luchey sveta posle ix prelomleniya opticheskoy sistemoy glaza dioptriya odna dioptriya (dptr) — eto opticheskaya sila dvoyakovipukloy linzi s glavnim fokusnim rasstoyaniem, ravnim 1 m chem koroche fokusnoe rasstoyanie, tem silnee …

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efraktsiya nazivaetsya dalnozorkostyu (hypermetropia) i oboznachaetsya latinskoy bukvoy n. ametropiya (miopiya) esli fokus opticheskoy sistemi glaza naxoditsya pered setchatkoy, klinicheskaya refraktsiya nazivaetsya blizorukostyu oboznachaetsya latinskoy bukvoy m (myopia). ametropiya (astigmatizm) pri astigmatizme v opticheskoy osi glaza net edinogo fokusa, a znachit, na setchatke ne budet chetkogo izobrajeniya anizometropiya v klinicheskoy praktike inogda prixoditsya vstrechatsya s situatsiey, pri kotoroy pravomu i levomu glazam bolnogo prisusha razlichnaya refraktsiya raznitsa v refraktsii mojet zaklyuchatsya kak v nalichii raznogo vida, tak i v nalichii odnogo vida refraktsii, virajennogo v razlichnoy stepeni takoe sostoyanie oboznachayut kak anizometropiyu v klinicheskoy praktike primenyayut dva metoda opredeleniya refraktsii - sub'ektivniy i ob'ektivniy sub'ektivniy metod zaklyuchaetsya v sozdanii usloviy dlya nailuchshego zreniya vdal putem podbora ochkovix linz pri etom schitaetsya, chto klinicheskaya refraktsiya issleduemogo glaza ravna opticheskoy sile ochkovogo stekla, s kotorim polucheno nailuchshee zrenie ob'ektivniy sposob opredeleniya refraktsii ne trebuet aktivnogo uchastiya ispituemogo v issledovanii sushestvuet dovolno bolshoe …

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lijayshey tochki yasnogo videniya, pod kotoroy ponimayut rasstoyanie do maksimalno priblijennogo k glazu ob'ekta, pri kotorom eshe vozmojno chetkoe videnie ob'ekta dalneyshaya tochka yasnogo zreniya tochka v prostranstve, kotoraya fokusiruetsya na setchatke v usloviyax, kogda akkomodatsiya viklyuchena, pri emmetropii v beskonechnosti, pri miopii – na konechnom rasstoyanii (4 metra i blije), pri gipermetropii otsutstvuet akkomodatsionniy apparat aktivnaya chast – tsiliarnaya mishtsa passivnaya chast – tsinnovi svyazki, xrustalik sostoyanie pokoya akkomodatsii sostoyanie opticheskogo stressa sostoyanie napryajeniya akkomodatsii protsess akkomodatsii svyazki rasslablyayutsya tsiliarnoy mishtsi sokrashayutsya xrustalik menyaet svoyu formu stanovitsya vipuklim glubina peredney kameri umenshaetsya zrachok sujivaetsya v svyazi s obshey innervatsiey resnichnoy mishtsi i sfinktera zrachka ot parasimpaticheskoy vetvi glazodvigatelnogo nerva paralich akkomodatsii teryaetsya sposobnost resnichnoy mishtsi k sokrasheniyu i rasslableniyu svyazok, uderjivayushix xrustalik v uploshennom sostoyanii paralich akkomodatsii proyavlyaetsya vnezapnim snijeniem ostroti zreniya vblizi pri soxranenii ostroti zreniya vdal (isklyucheniem yavlyaetsya gipermetropiya) spazm akkomodatsii proyavlyaetsya neojidannim snijeniem ostroti zreniya vdal …

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stam v xrustalike proisxodit fiziologicheskie involyutsionnie izmeneniya, virajayushiesya v uplotnenii ego tkani ,chto privodit k umensheniyu akkomodativnoy sposobnosti glaza i v rezultate k otdaleniyu blijayshey tochki yasnogo zreniya sila opticheskix stekol, naznachaemix pri presbiopii vozrast, godi vid klinicheskoy refraktsii e, dptr h m 40 1,0 k sile stekol dlya sootvetstvuyushego vozrasta pribavlyayut stepen gipermetropii iz sili stekol dlya sootvetstvuyushego vozrasta vichitayut stepen miopii 45 1,5 50 2,0 55 2,5 60 3,0 65 i starshe 3,5 astigmatizm (ot grech.«a»-otritsanie, «stigma»- tochka )- v opticheskoy sisteme glaza net edinogo fokusa, a znachit na setchatke ne budet chetkogo izobrajeniya.vpervie predlojena s storone tomas yunga v 1793 godu klassifikatsiya astigmatizma vid astigmatizma po opredelenie refraktsii glavnix meridianov 1.prostoy 2.slojniy 3.smeshanniy vid astigmatizma po stepeni 1.slabaya(1-3 d) 2.srednyaya(4-6 d) 3.visokaya(bolee 6 d) astigmatizm bivaet: 1.vrojdennim 2.priobretennim astigmatizm bivaet : 1.fiziologicheskim 2.patologicheskim - klinika astigmatizma jalobi snijenie ostrota zreniya predmeti predstavlyayutsya v iskajennoy forme xronicheskiy kon'yunktivit …

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ntoz 2.ochkovaya korrektsiya 3.kontaktnie linzi xirurgicheskaya lecheniya 1.geksagonalnaya keratotomiya 2.glubinnaya termokoagulyatsiya 3.gipermetropicheskaya autokeratoplastika 4.gipermetropicheskaya keratomilyoz 5.eksimernaya fotorefraktsionnaya keratektomiya(frk)

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slayd 1 tashkentskiy gosudarstvenniy stomatologicheskiy institut predmet glaznie bolezni refraktsiya opticheskaya sistema glaza v funktsionalnom otnoshenii, glaz mojno razdelit na 2 osnovnix otdela: svetoprovodyashiy i svetovosprinimayushiy svetoprovodyashiy otdel sostavlyayut prozrachnie sredi glaza: rogovitsa vlaga peredney kameri xrustalik steklovidnoe telo opticheskie sredi glaznogo yabloka fizicheskaya refraktsiya glaza vzroslogo cheloveka sostavlyaet v srednem okolo 60,0 d rogovitsa – 40,0 d xrustalik – 16,0-18,0 d steklovidnoe telo i vnutriglaznaya jidkost - okolo 2,0 d luchi sveta, otrajennie ot rassmatrivaemix, predmetov, proxodyat cherez 4 prelomlyayushie poverxnosti: perednyuyu i zadnyuyu poverxnosti rogovitsi perednyuyu i zadnyuyu poverxnosti xrustalika refraktsiya prelomlenie ...

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