clinical using of drugs in digestive diseases treatment

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clinical pharmacology of gastrointestinal agents clinical using of drugs in digestive diseases treatment digestive diseases gastritis gastritis aspirin & nsaid gastritis alcohol alcohol and certain other chemicals can cause inflammation and injury to the stomach. this is strictly dose related in that a lot of alcohol is usually needed to cause gastritis. social or occasional alcohol use is not damaging to the stomach although alcohol does stimulate the stomach to make acid. gastritis treatment peptic ulcer disease (pud) is a very common ailment, affecting one out of eight persons in the united states. the causes of pud have gradually become clear. with this understanding have come new and better ways to treat ulcers and even cure them peptic ulcer disease helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) peptic ulcer disease symptoms peptic ulcer disease therapy of pud has undergone profound changes. there are now available very effective medications to supress and almost eliminate …

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ronidazole) to eradicate h. pylori infection misoprostol (a prostaglandin analog) to inhibit gastric acid secretion and increase carbonate and mucus production, to protect the stomach lining antacids to neutralize acid gastric contents by elevating the gastric ph, thus protecting the mucosa and relieving pain avoidance of caffeine and alcohol to avoid stimulation of gastric acid secretion anticholinergic drugs to inhibit the effect of the vagal nerve on acid-secreting cells h2 blockers to reduce acid secretion sucralfate, mucosal protectant to form an acid-impermeable membrane that adheres to the mucous membrane and also accelerates mucus production dietary therapy with small infrequent meals and avoidance of eating before bedtime to neutralize gastric contents insertion of a nasogastric tube (in instances of gastrointestinal bleeding) for gastric decompression and rest, and also to permit iced saline lavage that may also contain norepinephrine gastroscopy to allow visualization of the bleeding site and coagulation by laser or …

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tics constipation can be defined as infrequent or hard pellet stools, or difficulty in evacuating stool. passing one or more soft, bulky stools every day is a desirable goal. while troublesome, constipation is not usually a serious disorder. however, there may be other underlying problems causing constipation and, therefore, testing is often recommended. constipation indications for use 1. to relieve constipation in pregnant women, elderly clients whose abdominal and perineal muscles have become weak and atrophied, children with megacolon, and clients receiving drugs that decrease intestinal motility (eg, opioid analgesics, drugs with anticholinergic effects) 2. to prevent straining at stool in clients with coronary artery disease (eg, postmyocardial infarction), hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and hemorrhoids and other rectal conditions 3. to empty the bowel in preparation for bowel surgery or diagnostic procedures (eg, colonoscopy, barium enema) 4. to accelerate elimination of potentially toxic substances from the gi tract (eg, orally ingested …

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longed diarrhea (>2 to 3 days), to prevent severe fluid and electrolyte loss 2. relatively severe diarrhea in young children and older adults. these groups are less able to adapt to fluid and electrolyte losses. 3. in chronic inflammatory diseases of the bowel (ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease), to allow a more nearly normal lifestyle 4. in ileostomies or surgical excision of portions of the ileum, to decrease fluidity and volume of stool 5. hiv/aids-associated diarrhea 6. when specific causes of diarrhea have been determined contraindications to use contraindications to the use of antidiarrheal drugs include diarrhea caused by toxic materials, microorganisms that penetrate intestinal mucosa (eg, pathogenic e. coli, salmonella, shigella), or antibiotic-associated colitis. in these circumstances, antidiarrheal agents that slow peristalsis may aggravate and prolong diarrhea. opiates (morphine, codeine) usually are contraindicated in chronic diarrhea because of possible opiate dependence. difenoxin, diphenoxylate, and loperamide are contraindicated in children …

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clinical pharmacology of gastrointestinal agents clinical using of drugs in digestive diseases treatment digestive diseases gastritis gastritis aspirin & nsaid gastritis alcohol alcohol and certain other chemicals can cause inflammation and injury to the stomach. this is strictly dose related in that a lot of alcohol is usually needed to cause gastritis. social or occasional alcohol use is not damaging to the stomach although alcohol does stimulate the stomach to make acid. gastritis treatment peptic ulcer disease (pud) is a very common ailment, affecting one out of eight persons in the united states. the causes of pud have gradually become clear. with this understanding have come new and better ways to treat ulcers and even cure them peptic ulcer disease …

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