linguistic typology as a subject

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1451618611_62785.doc linguistic typology as a subject plan: · types of scientific comparison; · branches of general typology; · types of non-linguistic typology; · subject-matter of linguistic typology; · various approaches toward definition of linguistic typology. linguistic typology typology as a method of scientific study is characteristic to many fields of scientific knowledge because the taxonomic description, classification and systemic comparison of various objects are universal methods of cognition and apply to both non-linguistic and linguistic sciences. taxonomy is a science studying theory of classification and systemizing. basic types of scientific comparison there are 2 types of scientific comparison: a) substantial, and b) non-substantial. a) substantial comparison deals with comparison of real objects materializing substances, e.g. sounds, digits, numbers, etc. b) non-substantial comparison deals with comparison of systems and their elements (e.g. phonemes, morphemes). at the early stages of development of typology as a science the major role belonged to substantial …

ic comparison into an independent sub-branch within the frames of a more general science: e.g. comparative psychology first mentioned in the works of aristotle who described psychological similarities between animals and human beings. one the most well-known representatives of comparative psychology was charles darwin. comparative pedagogy deals with general and distinctive features, development trends and prospective of theory, applied instruction and upbringing methods, reveals their economic, social political and philosophic backgrounds. historical typology analyses historic facts and produces comparative inventory based on the history of each nation/ethnicity to reveal general trends, differences and similarities. e.g. based on french revolution of 1848 the major signs of revolutionary situation were revealed. literary criticism (сравнителъное литературоведение) got rapid development in the second half of xix century simultaneously with development of comparative linguistics. in russia the representatives of comparative linguistics were p.m. samarin, v.m. jirmunskiy, m.p. alekseev, n.i. conrad, i.g. neupokoeva, etc. the two …

of linguistic typology. these branches do have relations to linguistic typology but also constitute the subject-matter of other special fields of knowledge. there is a great variety of terms: areal linguistics, structural linguistics, characterology, language universals, translational grammar, comparative philology, contrastive linguistics, confrontational linguistics, etc. with further development of linguistic science scholars start differentiating the terms "comparison" and "confrontation". while comparative method implied comparison of cognate /related languages, confrontational method was derived to denote comparison of genetically non-related languages. roman jacobson contributed to the definition of subject-matter of linguistic typology stating that "genetic method deals with relationship of languages, areal method deals with similarities while typological method deals with isomorphism"3. isomorphism can unite various statuses of languages, both synchronically and diachronically or statuses of 2 different languages, areally close or distant; genetically related and non-related. definition of the subject-matter of linguistic typology the most popular definition of the subject matter …

pecial interest to the so-called exotic or non-studied languages, e.g. languages of ethnicities of south-east asia, africa, ocean side or american indian tribes. still the data of well-known, expanded and well-studied languages may to the similar extent become the subject matter of a typological study. linguistic typology not only systemizes, generalizes and classifies the facts of language isomorphism and allomorphism but also explains them. the majority of prestigious linguistic theories have their own typological agenda aimed at theoretical analysis of structurally different languages, their location and genetic origin. as we talk of the different standpoints in defining linguistic typology as a science we distinguish two major approaches: a) linguistic typology is an independent science covering all types of comparison of language systems. in this sense linguistic typology fully coincides with comparative linguistics; b) linguistic typology is a part of comparative linguistics. it is opposed to traditional comparative historical linguistics, charachterology …

stituted by structural typology which has the following parts: 1) typological classification; 2) linguistic universals; 3) etalon language; 4) typological theory. the general definition of linguistic typology implies that it unites various types of comparison of language systems. genetic, areal and typological comparisons built into 3 aspects of general comparison process. these methods do not contradict but complement each other. the types of linguistic comparison can thus be illustrated as follows; 1) genetic/genealogical or historic comparison/reconstruction of common archi/pra- forms of genetically related languages. special attention should 2) to pay closely and distantly related languages. 3) typological comparison of systems and sub-systems of languages: a) related; b) non-related; c) structurally similar; d) structurally non-similar. 3) areal linguistics: comparison of neighboring languages; 4) dominant classification by melnikov defining language types based on dominant features.5 the different classifications do not match each other and are not expected to, but the correlation between …

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1451618611_62785.doc linguistic typology as a subject plan: · types of scientific comparison; · branches of general typology; · types of non-linguistic typology; · subject-matter of linguistic typology; · various approaches toward definition of linguistic typology. linguistic typology typology as a method of scientific study is characteristic to many fields of scientific knowledge because the taxonomic description, classification and systemic comparison of various objects are universal methods of cognition and apply to both non-linguistic and linguistic sciences. taxonomy is a science studying theory of classification and systemizing. basic types of scientific comparison there are 2 types of scientific comparison: a) substantial, and b) non-substantial. a) substantial comparison deals wi...

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