adverbs statives pronouns

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1524243901_71279.doc adverbs statives pronouns problems to be discussed: 1. what words are called adverbs 2. the types of adverbs 3. the grammatical category of degrees of comparison of adverbs 4. what words are called statives why are they called sopronouns the adverb is separated into a special part of speech because of the following facts: 1. meaning: they express the degree of a property, property of an action, circumstances under which an action takes place. 2. form: they have the degrees of comparison. 3. stem-building elements: - ly, -ways, -wards, ... 4. combinability: bilateral combinability with verbs, adjectives, adverbs, less regularly with adlinks: e.g. he was hard asleep. 5. function: adverbial modifiers. according to the meaning adverbs fall under three subclasses: 1. qualitative 2. quantitative 3. circumstantial qualitative adverbs usually modify verbs. adverbs like: badly, quickly, slowly, steadily, comparatively may be referred to this type of adverbs. they denote the …

of the qualitative adverbs is bound with verbs only the combinability of the quantitative adverbs are more extensive: they can modify verbs, the words of category of state, adjectives, adverbs, numerals and nouns. circumstantial adverbs serve to denote in most cases local and temporal circumstances attending an action. accordingly they are divided into two groups: a) adverbs of time and frequency /today, tomorrow, often, again, twice .../. b) adverbs of place and direction: upstairs, behind, in front of, ... ex. they stood outside the door, giving me directions. now and then they deliberately refused to jump up and find himself something to do when the unpleasant sensations clutched at him. she waited in front of the window and when he came down he thrust a small dark blue box into her hands. l.wright thus, circumstancial adverbs denote the time and place the action took place. therefore unlike the previous subclasses …

ctions, i.e. they do not change the meaning of the preceding word; they are not postpositives, because postpositives in other languages do not serve to build new words, and at last they are not grammatical morphemes and consequently the whole group can not be a word since in english no discontinuous word is found as, for instance, bring them up. the word them breaks the unity. the problem remains unsolved. for the time being, the most acceptable theory is the theory expressed by b.a. ilyish in his latest grammar. he refers them very cautiously, with doubts, to phraseology and thus it should be the subject-matter of the lexicology. some foreign grammarians (28), (37) give different treatment to phrasal verbs. according to their opinion phrasal verb is an umbrella term for different kinds of multi – word verbs (including phrasal – prepositional and prepositional verbs). such verbs are of typical and …

ts, others are normally used with pronouns as objects. there are other difficulties such as the fact that there are frequently strong collocation associations between phrasal verbs and other words. thus, in some cases a particular word or small set of words is the only one normally found as the subject or object of a particular verb. according to our classification all phrasal verbs fall under 3 main types (and 6 subtypes-from the viewpoint of verb transitivity): 1. free nonidiomatic constructions, where the individual meaning of the components are preserved as in look over (=inspect), set up (=organize). the individuality of the components appears in possible contrastive substitutions: bring in (out), take in (out) etc. 2. “semi-idiomatic” constructions which are variable but in a more limited way. the relation between the verb and particle is similar to between a stem and an affix in form formation in that the substitution …

or synonyms instead. yet in many cases phrasal verbs and their synonyms have different ranges of use, meaning, or collocation, so that a single – word synonym cannot be substituted appropriately for a phrasal verb. single – word synonyms are often much more formal in style than phrasal verbs, so that they seem out of place in many contexts, and students using them run the risk of sounding pompous or just unnatural. besides, these are phrasal verbs, like get away with and run of, which do not have one word paraphrases. second, these are nonidiomatic combinations, such as go across (= cross), go past (=pass), and sail around (=circumnavigate) which do have such paraphrases. the set of english phrasal verbs is constantly growing and changing. new combination appear and spread. yet these new combinations are rarely made on a random basis, but from patterns which can to some extent be …

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1524243901_71279.doc adverbs statives pronouns problems to be discussed: 1. what words are called adverbs 2. the types of adverbs 3. the grammatical category of degrees of comparison of adverbs 4. what words are called statives why are they called sopronouns the adverb is separated into a special part of speech because of the following facts: 1. meaning: they express the degree of a property, property of an action, circumstances under which an action takes place. 2. form: they have the degrees of comparison. 3. stem-building elements: - ly, -ways, -wards, ... 4. combinability: bilateral combinability with verbs, adjectives, adverbs, less regularly with adlinks: e.g. he was hard asleep. 5. function: adverbial modifiers. according to the meaning adverbs fall under three …

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