synonyms and their classification

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theme: synonyms and their classification contents: introduction…………………………………….…………………………..2 chapter ⅰ. the classification of synonyms and their specific features……………………………………………….…………4 1.1. general definition of synonyms and their classification………………...…....4 1.2. the notion of changeability and how the meanings can be substituted in a language…….………………….………………………………….………….......13 chapter ⅱ. some semantic peculiarities of synonyms and their functional relationship…………………………..……..…26 2.1. peculiar distributional features of synonyms………….……………………..26 2.2. the link of synonymy with collocational meaning…………………….….....36 chapter iii synonyms and their classification 3.1 classification and sources of synonymy………………………………………. 3.2 cases of confusion with synonymy…………………………………………… conclusion…………………………………………………………………….….34 used literature……………………………………………………………….…..36 introduction the theme of my course work sounds as following: “synonyms and their classification” this qualification work can be characterized by the following: the actuality of this work caused by several important points. in the course of its long history the english language has adopted a great many words from foreign languages all over a world. one of the consequences of extensive borrowings was …

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he material before we can mention that our course work was based upon the investigations made by a number of well known english, russian and uzbek lexicologists as a.i.smirnitsky, b.a. ilyish, n.buranov, v.v. vinogradov, o.jespersen and some others. if we say about the methods of scientific approaches used in our work we can mention that the method of typological analysis was used. the newality of the work is concluded in including the modern meanings of habitual words to our qualification work. the general structure of our qualification work looks as follows: the work is composed onto three major parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. each part has its subdivision onto the specific thematically items. at the end of the qualification work there is the fourth part – used literature list of the works used for preparing this paper. based on the decision of the president of the republic of uzbekistan …

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nings. (synonym and antonym are antonyms.) an example of synonyms is the words cat and feline. each describes any member of the family felidae. similarly, if we talk about a long time or an extended time, long and extended become synonyms. in the figurative sense, two words are often said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation: “a widespread impression that … hollywood was synonymous with immorality” (doris kearns goodwin) synonyms can be nouns, adverbs or adjectives, as long as both members of the pair are the same part of speech. more examples of english synonyms: · baby and infant (noun) · student and pupil (noun) · pretty and attractive (adjective) · sick and ill (adjective) · interesting and fascinating (adjective) · quickly and speedily (adverb) note that the synonyms are defined with respect to certain senses of words; for instance, pupil as the “aperture in the iris …

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war and armed conflict) · tremendous and awful (compare to synonyms: tremendous and remarkable) synonyms are words different in their outer aspects, but identical or similar in their inner aspects. in english there are a lot of synonyms, because there are many borrowings, e.g. hearty / native/ - cordial/ borrowing/. after a word is borrowed it undergoes desynonymization, because absolute synonyms are unnecessary for a language. however, there are some absolute synonyms in the language, which have exactly the same meaning and belong to the same style, e.g. to moan, to groan; homeland, motherland etc. in cases of desynonymization one of the absolute synonyms can specialize in its meaning and we get semantic synonyms, e.g. «city» /borrowed/, «town» /native/. the french borrowing «city» is specialized. in other cases native words can be specialized in their meanings, e.g. «stool» /native/, «chair» /french/. sometimes one of the absolute synonyms is specialized in …

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ord in the group, e.g. «piece» is the synonymic dominant in the group «slice», «lump», «morsel». the verb « to look at» is the synonymic dominant in the group «to stare», «to glance», «to peep». the adjective «red’ is the synonymic dominant in the group «purple», «scarlet», «crimson». when speaking about the sources of synonyms, besides desynonymization and abbreviation, we can also mention the formation of phrasal verbs, e.g. «to give up» - «to abandon», «to cut down» - «to diminish». grouping of words is based upon similarities and contrasts and is usually called as synonymic row. taking up similarity of meaning and contrasts of phonetic shape we observe that every language has in its vocabulary a variety of words, kindred in meaning but distinct in morphemic composition, phonemic shape and usage, ensuring the expression of the most delicate shades of thought, feeling and imagination. the more developed the language, …

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theme: synonyms and their classification contents: introduction…………………………………….…………………………..2 chapter ⅰ. the classification of synonyms and their specific features……………………………………………….…………4 1.1. general definition of synonyms and their classification………………...…....4 1.2. the notion of changeability and how the meanings can be substituted in a language…….………………….………………………………….………….......13 chapter ⅱ. some semantic peculiarities of synonyms and their functional relationship…………………………..……..…26 2.1. peculiar distributional features of synonyms………….……………………..26 2.2. the link of synonymy with collocational meaning…………………….….....36 chapter iii synonyms and their classification 3.1 classification and sources of synonymy………………………………………. 3.2 cases of confusion with synonymy…………………………………………… conclusion………...

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