minor types of word-formationlecture 13

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conversion back-formation shortening or clipping blending reduplication borrowing acronymy voicing minor types of word-formation lecture 13 topics for discussion blending backformation sound interchange stress interchange lexicalisation of plural forms of nouns substantivisation sound imitation and reduplication blending is in fact the fusion of two words by means of which a new word is formed. these words are also called hybrid words which are actually compound words formed in an unusual way. only parts of words are taken and put together. frenemy – friend + enemy sitcom – situation + comedy motel – motor + hotel; brunch – breakfast + lunch; refe – restaurant + café; slanguage – slang + language. brexit – britain + exit blended words are subdivided into thematic groups: information technologies: netaholic – internet + alcoholic; economics: ecolonomics – ecology + economics; geography: eurabia – europe – arabia; chindia – china + india; calexico – california + …

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lisation of plural forms of nouns in english there are some words which were formed by the lexicalisation of the plural forms of the nouns: colour – colours (national flag) arm – arms қурол-яроғ substantivisation some scholars (jespersen, kruisinga) refer substantivisation to conversion. but most scholars disagree with them because in cases of substantivisation of adjectives we have quite different changes in the language. substantivisation is the result of ellipsis (syntactical shortening), when a word combination with a semantically strong attribute loses its semantically weak noun component (man, person. etc). a grown-up person is shortened to – grown-up. in cases of perfect substantivisation the attribute takes the paradigm of countable noun: a criminal, criminals, criminal`s hand a fugitive, fugitives, a fugitive`s children, a fugitives` children. such words are used in a sentence in the same function as nouns: i am fond of musicals (musical comedies) reduplication is the repetition of …

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conversion back-formation shortening or clipping blending reduplication borrowing acronymy voicing minor types of word-formation lecture 13 topics for discussion blending backformation sound interchange stress interchange lexicalisation of plural forms of nouns substantivisation sound imitation and reduplication blending is in fact the fusion of two words by means of which a new word is formed. these words are also called hybrid words which are actually compound words formed in an unusual way. only parts of words are taken and put together. frenemy – friend + enemy sitcom – situation + comedy motel – motor + hotel; brunch – breakfast + lunch; refe – restaurant + café; slanguage – slang + language. brexit – britain + exit blended words are subdivided into …

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