"istoriya uzbekistana"

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.xml ppt/tablestyles.xml docprops/core.xml docprops/app.xml ppt/media/image11.png ppt/media/image5.png [content_types].xml _rels/.rels docprops/custom.xml uzbekskaya pismennost bila perevedena s arabskoy na slavyanskuyu graficheskuyu osnovu; za etim posledovala kampaniya po preodoleniyu negramotnosti. uroven gramotnosti podnyalsya s 4 % (1897) do 99 % (1977), v etot period otkriti bolshinstvo vuzov strani (v tom chisle tashkentskiy universitet, s 1918), osnovana akademiya nauk uzbekskoy sssr (1943), teatri (v tom chisle v 1919 — uzbekskiy teatr drami, v 1939 — uzbekskiy teatr operi i baleta). no kakie oshibki bili dopusheni sovetskoy vlastyu v nachale etoy reformi kakoy tsenoy ona bila osushestvlena? ekonomicheskaya politika i xozyaystvennie preobrazovaniya v uzbekistane nosili protivorechiviy xarakter. neredko imeli mesto volyuntarizm, pospeshnost, otsutstvie ucheta realnix usloviy, nastroeniya i psixologii naseleniya. dekretami sovetskoy vlasti zemli bili ob'yavleni osudarstvennoy sobstvennostyu. proizvodilis rekvizitsii skota, imushestva nekotorix kategoriy xozyaystv. xotya xanskie i emirskie nalogi bili otmeneni, odnako novie nalogi takje otkrivali vozmojnost dlya zloupotrebleniy. provodilas jestkaya prodrazverstka politicheskaya doktrina kommunisticheskoy …

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raktornix stantsiy (mts). krupnie sredstva proizvodstva sosredotochivalis v rukax gosudarstva cherez mts. oni obrabativali kolxoznie polya za naturalnuyu oplatu, razmeri kotoroy opredelyalis sverxu. k nachalu 1933g. v uzbekistane rabotalo 73 mts. perestroyka selskogo xozyaystva respubliki protekala v isklyuchitelno slojnix usloviyax. vsego za godi voyni selskoe xozyaystvo respubliki dalo strane 4 mln. 806 tis. tonn xlopka - sirtsa, 54,1 tis. tonn kokonov tutovogo shelkopryada, 1 mln. 282 tis. tonn zerna, 482 tis. tonn kartofelya i ovoshey, 57 tis. tonn fruktov i vinograda, 36 tis. tonn suxofruktov, 156 tis. tonn myasa, 23,3 tis. tonn shersti. v turkestane v 1920-1921 gg. provodilas zemelno - vodnaya reforma, v rezultate kotoroy v gosudarstvennoy fond bilo vklyucheno 238831 desyatina zemli; eta zemlya bila razdelena mejdu 12826 bezzemelnimi i malozemelnimi krestyanami. sozdani novie krupnie rayoni xlopkovodstva, uzbekistan stal moshnoy xlopkovoy bazoy sssr. prinyatie pervogo pyatiletnego plana v 1928 stalo nachalom kollektivizatsii, kotoroy predshestvovalo provedenie zemelno-vodnix reform, prinyavshey …

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4. v sostav rsfsr, territoriya gde projivali kirgizi, voshla karakirgizskaya avtonomnaya oblast . 5 . v sostav rsfsr, territoriya gde projivali kazaxi, voshla kazaxskaya assr 6. v sostav kazaxskoy assr , territoriya gde projivali karakalpaki, voshla karakalpakskaya avtonomnaya oblast. v sostav uzbekskoy ssr vxodili sleduyushie territorii: 9 u'ezdov , 133 tumanov i 7 selskix okrugov s bivshego turkestanskogo assr i 9 tumanov bivshey buxarskoy respubliki; 23 tumanov bivshey xorezmskoy respubliki. po politike natsionalno gosudarstvennomu razmejivaniyu 27 oktyabrya 1924 goda obrazovana uzbekskaya ssr. s fevralya 1925 goda v sostave sssr kak soyuznaya respublika. pervoy stolitsey sovetskogo uzbekistana v 1924 g. stal samarkand . v 1930 godu stolitsu respubliki perenosyat iz samarkand a v tashkent . v 5 dekabrya 1936 goda v sostav uzbekskoy ssr , konstitutsionnim resheniem bil vklyuchen karakalpakstan . karakalpakstan forsirovanniy pod'em xlopkovodstva, stavshiy generalnoy liniey v oblasti razvitiya ekonomiki uzbekistana, prines mnogo negativnogo v jizn respubliki: ostanovilos ee …

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