an introduction to roman-germanic philology

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lesson 1. the subject of the discipline an introduction to the roman-germanic philology 1. indo-european family of languages 2. common germanc languages 3. the ancient germans 4. classification of germanc languages 5. modern germanc languages an introduction to the roman- germanic philology teacher : yokutkhon rakhmonkulova lesson 1. the subject of the discipline an introduction to the roman-germanic philology 1. indo-european family of languages 2. common germanic languages 3. the ancient germans 4. classification of germanic languages 5. modern germanic languages the word philology is used to denote two disciplines; or aspects of human activity. 1. the study of human records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form and determination of their meaning. 2. linguistics. this word is from greek and it means “love of learning and literature”. linguistics is the branch of philology which deals with the study of the theoretical and practical problems of language functioning: …

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rs in this or that language. typological aspect - here we determine synthetic and analytic languages, languages of the agglutinative and amorphous type and others. sociolinguistic aspect deals with the problems of functioning of certain in the society. the following problems are discussed here: language situation, language policy, language planning, register, marker, etc. language situation denotes the quantity and functional value of the languages used in certain country or region. language planning is a notion which denotes a certain set of measures undertaken by the state authorities in relation to the languages used in the country. 1) monolingual (unilingual) language situation is a situation in which one language is used as a means of communication within the borders of a country. 2) bilingual language situation. bilingual language policy is such a policy in which two languages are used as a means of communication in a country. 3) polylingual (multilingual) language …

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ence) in integration dialects or languages develop towards obtaining common features in phonetic, grammatical structures and vocabulary. 2) differentiation (or divergence). in differentiation dialects or languages develop towards obtaining different features in phonetic, grammatical structures and vocabulary to form new languages. causes of language changes there are two types of factors of language change: 1) extra linguistic factors: extra linguistic factors of language change include: a) geographical factors; b) social factors; c) temporal factors. 2) intra linguistic factors: intra linguistic factors of language change include: 1) phonetic changes - phonetic changes include all kinds of changes taking place in the phonetic structure of a language like consonant and vowel changes, qualitative and quantitative changes, positional and independent changes. 2) spelling changes - spelling changes include all changes taking place in the writing of words in different varieties of the language, like honor – honor, color – color etc. 3) grammatical …

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lesson 1. the subject of the discipline an introduction to the roman-germanic philology 1. indo-european family of languages 2. common germanc languages 3. the ancient germans 4. classification of germanc languages 5. modern germanc languages an introduction to the roman- germanic philology teacher : yokutkhon rakhmonkulova lesson 1. the subject of the discipline an introduction to the roman-germanic philology 1. indo-european family of languages 2. common germanic languages 3. the ancient germans 4. classification of germanic languages 5. modern germanic languages the word philology is used to denote two disciplines; or aspects of human activity. 1. the study of human records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form and determination of their meaning. 2. linguistic...

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