klassik iqtisodiyot

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ppt/presentation.xml ppt/slides/slide1.xml ppt/slides/slide2.xml ppt/slides/slide3.xml ppt/slides/slide4.xml ppt/slides/slide5.xml ppt/slides/slide6.xml ppt/slides/slide7.xml ppt/slides/slide8.xml ppt/slides/slide9.xml ppt/slides/slide10.xml ppt/slides/slide11.xml ppt/slides/slide12.xml ppt/slides/slide13.xml ppt/slides/slide14.xml ppt/slides/slide15.xml ppt/_rels/presentation.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide7.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide9.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide13.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide14.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide15.xml.rels ppt/slidemasters/slidemaster1.xml ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout6.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout7.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout8.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout9.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout10.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout11.xml.rels ppt/notesslides/_rels/notesslide1.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout8.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout1.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout2.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout3.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout4.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout5.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout6.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout7.xml ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout1.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout9.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout10.xml ppt/slidelayouts/slidelayout11.xml ppt/slidemasters/_rels/slidemaster1.xml.rels ppt/notesslides/notesslide1.xml ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout5.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout2.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout3.xml.rels ppt/slidelayouts/_rels/slidelayout4.xml.rels ppt/notesmasters/notesmaster1.xml ppt/fonts/font1.fntdata ppt/fonts/font2.fntdata ppt/fonts/font3.fntdata ppt/media/image22.jpeg ppt/theme/theme1.xml ppt/media/image26.jpeg ppt/theme/theme2.xml ppt/media/image1.png

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ppt/media/image2.svg ppt/media/image4.svg ppt/media/image7.png ppt/media/image8.svg ppt/media/image10.svg ppt/media/image11.jpeg docprops/thumbnail.jpeg ppt/media/image23.png ppt/media/image24.png ppt/media/image25.svg ppt/media/image15.png ppt/media/image27.png ppt/media/image28.svg ppt/notesmasters/_rels/notesmaster1.xml.rels ppt/media/image20.jpeg ppt/media/image13.svg ppt/presprops.xml ppt/viewprops.xml ppt/tablestyles.xml docprops/app.xml docprops/core.xml ppt/media/image12.png ppt/media/image14.png ppt/media/image16.png ppt/media/image17.png ppt/media/image18.png ppt/media/image19.png ppt/media/image21.png ppt/media/image3.png ppt/media/image5.png ppt/media/image6.png ppt/media/image9.png ppt/slides/_rels/slide2.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide3.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide4.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels [content_types].xml _rels/.rels docprops/custom.xml klassik iqtisodiyot maktabning rivojlanishi reja 1. adam smitning iqtisodiy g’oyalari . 2. rikardoning siyosiy iqtisod tamoyillari . 3. maltusning aholi o’sishi to’g’risidagi qarashlari adam smit (1723-1790) shotlandiyaning kerkoldi shahrida bojxona amaldori oilasida dunyoga keldi . glazgo va oksford universitetlarida ta’lim oldi , u erda falsafa , adabiyot , tarix fanlari bilan birga fizika va matematikani ham o’rgandi . a.smit 1748 yilda edinburgda ommaviy lekstiyalar o’qiy boshladi . glazgo universitetining professori lavozimiga saylandi , keyinchalik ijtimoiy fanlar kafedrasini boshqardi . a.smit 1759 yilda o’qigan lekstiyalari asosida etikaning falsafiy muammolariga bag’ishlangan o’zining birinchi « ahloqiy hissiyot nazariyasi » kitobini yaratdi . a.smitning iqtisodiy qarashlari asosida shunday g’oya yotadiki, unga ko’ra jamiyat boyligi ishlab …

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hloq xo’jaligi va hizmat ko’rsatish sohalari ) boylikning asosi deb bildi. u kapitalistik ishlab chiqarishnig manufaktura bosqichini tahlil qilish asosida iqtisodiy progressning muhim omili mehnat taqsimotidir , degan xulosaga keldi va buni o’z tadqiqotlarining boshlang’ich punkti deb qabul qildi. a.smitning ijtimoiy – iqtisodiy nazariyalari : smit mehnat taqsimotining ishlab chiqarishni rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyatini asoslab berdi. ishlab chiqarish va iste’mol hajmini ikkita muhim omilga bog‘lab tushuntirdi: - unumli mehnat bilan band bo‘lgan aholi soniga; -mehnat unumdorligi darajasiga mehnat taqsimoti afzalliklarini ko‘rsatib berdi: - mehnat unumdorligini oshirishni ; - mahsulot sifatini yaxshilashni ; ayirboshlashga bo‘lgan moyillikni inson ruhiyatining asosiy xususiyatlaridan biri deb hisobladi. unumli mehnat nazariyasi : a.smit mehnatni unumli va unumsiz mehnat turlariga ajratib ko‘rsatadi: unumli mehnat yangi qiymat yaratadi: unumsiz mehnat qiymat yaratmaydi. bundan tashqari, a.smit bo‘yicha, yangi qiymat faqat moddiy ishlab chiqarishda yaratiladi (qishloq xo‘jaligi,sanoat), har xil turdagi davlat xizmatchilari, harbiylar, o‘qituvchilar, yozuvchilar, o‘zini ham shunga kiritadi, yangi qiymat yaratmaydi; …

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ab chiqarish jarayonini amalga oshirish va rivojlantirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan zaxiralar (ishlab chiqarish vositalari kabi); asosiy va aylanma kapital turlarini ajratib ko‘rsatib beradi : -asosiy kapital: mashinalar va boshqa zaruriy mehnat qurollari;savdo-sanoat uchun mo‘ljallangan imorat-inshootlar;yer uchastkalari;mehnat mahorati va jamiyat a’zolarining “foydali qobiliyatlari”; -aylanma kapital: pul;oziq-ovqat zaxiralari;xom-ashyo va yarimfabrikatlar;tayyor, lekin hali sotilmagan tovarlar. “i qtisodiy siyosat ” to‘g‘risidagi g‘oyalar: 1. soliq olishning quyidagi asosiy qoida va prinsiplarini tasdiqlash zarurligini asoslab berdi: - alohida sinfga emas, balki barcha kishilar uchun mehnatga ham, kapitalga ham, yerga ham bir xil soliq to‘lashni joriy etish kerak; - soliq to‘lovchilarning bir xil mulkiy boyligiga qarab soliq yukini proporsional taqsimlash pritsipi amal qilishi kerak; - soliq to‘lash vaqti, usuli, miqdori, soliq to‘lamaganlik uchun jarimalar, soliq solish qoidasida aks ettirilishi kerak. 3. liberalizm iqtisodiy siyosatining mohiyatini shakllantirdi, davlat iqtisodiy hodisa va jarayonlarni tartiblash vazifasini emas, balki “tungi qorovul” rolini bajarishi kerak : davlat faqat uchta funksiyani bajarishi kerak: …

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manbai bo‘lishidan to‘xtagan, kapitalistik tovar ishlab chiqarish sharoitida amal qiladi. sinflar nazariyasi jamiyatni uch sinfga ajratib ko‘rsatadi: yer egalari qo‘lida asosiy ishlab chiqarish vositasi – yer bo‘ladi, ular ijaraga bergan yeri uchun ijara to‘lovlari sifatida ushbu yerdan olingan daromadning bir qismini renta ko‘rinishida oladi; tadbirkorlar ishlab chiqarish vositalarining ikkinchi bir turiga (imorat-inshootlar, asbob-uskunalar, fermalar, xom ashyo za h iralariga) egalik qiladi, ishchilar yollaydi va foyda ko‘rinishida daromad oladi; yollanma ishchilar – eng ko‘p, kambag‘al sinf hisoblanadi, ular mulk egasi emas va ular mehnatini sotib daromad ko‘rinishida ish haqi oladi . david rikardo (1772-1823) klassik iqtisodiy maktabining atoqli vakillaridan biri hisoblanadi. u londonda badavlat birja makleri yahudiy avraam rikardo oilasida tug'ilgan. d.rikardo 1810-yilga kelib london moliya dunyosidagi yirik shaxslarning biriga aylanadi . 1799-yili bat kurortida d.rikardo a.smitning " xalqlar boyligi ...” asarini o qib chiqqach , unda birinchi bor siyosiy iqtisodga bo'lgan jiddiy qiziqish paydo bo'ladi . shundan keyin u siyosiy …

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ppt/presentation.xml ppt/slides/slide1.xml ppt/slides/slide2.xml ppt/slides/slide3.xml ppt/slides/slide4.xml ppt/slides/slide5.xml ppt/slides/slide6.xml ppt/slides/slide7.xml ppt/slides/slide8.xml ppt/slides/slide9.xml ppt/slides/slide10.xml ppt/slides/slide11.xml ppt/slides/slide12.xml ppt/slides/slide13.xml ppt/slides/slide14.xml ppt/slides/slide15.xml ppt/_rels/presentation.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide7.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide9.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide13.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide14.xml.rels ppt/slides/_rels/slide15.xml.rels ppt/slidemasters/slidemaster1.xml ppt/slid...

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