photosynthesis

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chapter 8 photosynthesis theme: about photosynthesis teacher: raupova mavluda surname:mamatqulova name: feruza group: 102 photosynthesis 8.1 energy and life sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.l.18.10 chemical energy and atp: why is atp useful to cells? -without the ability to obtain energy life would cease to exist -one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release chemicals is atp -atp (adenosine triphosphate) consists of 5-carbon sugar called ribose, three phosphate groups, and adenosine. 8.1 energy and life sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.l.18.10 storing energy: -adenosine diphosphate (adp) is a compound that looks like atp. -the difference between atp and adp is that atp holds three phosphate groups while adp only holds two phosphate groups. -when a cell has energy available, it can store small amounts of it by adding phosphate groups to adp creating atp. 8.1 energy and life sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.l.18.10 releasing energy: -cells can release energy stored in atp by the controlled breaking …

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$eir own food are called autotrophs. heterotrophs are organisms that obtain food by consuming or even absorbing. -the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates, sugars and starches, that can be used as food is known as photosynthesis. photo meaning light, synthesis meaning put together. -in photosynthesis plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates. 8.2 photsynthesis: an overview sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.n.1.1 chlorophyll and chloroplasts: what role do pigment play in the process of photosynthesis? -our lives are made possible by the energy we obtain from the sun. -this energy helps us maintain everyday life and continue to carry out everyday functions. -without it we would die. 8 8.2 photosynthesis: an overview sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.n.1.1 light: -energy from the sun travels to earth in the form of light. -sunlight is a mixture of different wavelengths known as white light.\ …$

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$.1.1 energy collection: -light is a from of energy. -any compound that absorbs light absorb energy. -chlorophyll absorbs visible light well. -when chlorophyll absorbs light, a large fraction of that light is transferred directly to electrons in the chloroplast itself. -by raising the energy levels of electrons , light energy can produce a steady supply of high-energy electrons, which is what makes photosynthesis work. 8.2 photsynthesis: an overview sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.n.1.1 high-energy electrons: what are electron carrier molecules? -an electron carrier is a compound that can accept a pair of high-energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule. -one carrier molecule is known as nadp(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) -nadp holds 2-high energy electrons along with hydrogen ion to help with photosynthesis which converts to nadph. 8.2 photosynthesis: an overview sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.n.1.1 an overview of photosynthesis: what are the reactants and products of photosynthesis? -photosynthesis uses …$

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gh-energy sugars from carbon dioxide. -no light is required for these reactions. 8.3 the process of photosynthesis sc.912.l.18.7 the light-dependent reaction: generating atp and nadph: what happens during the light-dependent reactions? -the light dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert adp and nadp into the energy carriers atp and nadph. -thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and proteins know as photosystems. -the photosystems are surrounded by accessory pigments and are essential to the light-dependent reactions. -photosystems absorb sunlight and generate high-energy electrons that are then passed to a series of electron carriers embedded in the thylakoid membrane. 8.3 the process of photosynthesis sc.912.l.18.7 photosystem ii: -light dependent reactions begin when pigments in photosystem ii absorb light. -light energy is absorbed by electrons in the pigments found within photosystem ii, increasing electron energy level. -an electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high …

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n movement and atp formation: -other than being added to nadp some hydrogen ions are pumped in from the stroma. -the buildup makes the stroma negatively charged relative to the space within the thylakoids. -this difference provides the energy to make atp so that it can help carry out photosynthesis. -atp synthase allows hydrogen ions to pass through the stroma. 8.3 the process of photosynthesis sc.912.l.18.7 summary of light dependent reactions: -the light dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert adp and nadp into atp and nadph. -these play important roles in starting photosynthesis and completing the processes carried out in photosystems. -they provide energy needed to build high-energy sugars from low-energy carbon dioxide. 8.3 the process of photosynthesis sc.912.l.18.7 the light-independent reactions producing sugars: what happens during the light independent reactions? -the atp and nadph store much energy but cannot store the high amount for more than a few …

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chapter 8 photosynthesis theme: about photosynthesis teacher: raupova mavluda surname:mamatqulova name: feruza group: 102 photosynthesis 8.1 energy and life sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.l.18.10 chemical energy and atp: why is atp useful to cells? -without the ability to obtain energy life would cease to exist -one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release chemicals is atp -atp (adenosine triphosphate) consists of 5-carbon sugar called ribose, three phosphate groups, and adenosine. 8.1 energy and life sc.912.l.18.7 sc.912.l.18.10 storing energy: -adenosine diphosphate (adp) is a compound that looks like atp. -the difference between atp and adp is that atp holds three phosphate groups while adp only holds two phosphate groups. -when a cell has energy available, it can store...

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