stomach cancer

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prezentatsiya powerpoint stomach cancer general oncology table of content epidemiology etiology types of stomach cancer pathophysiology clinical presentation diagnosis treatment epidemiology 3rd-most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide high incidence in eastern asia, eastern europe, and south america regional differences noted: ↓ incidence in the united states, but ↑ in japan and south korea men > women median age at the time of diagnosis: 70 years per 10,000 population prevalence, incidence bathtub the prevalence is the number of individuals with the disease either at a specific point in time (the point prevalence) or over a specified time period (the period prevalence). the incidence of disease is the number of new cases during a specified time period. 5 10 3 5 + 10 - 3 = 12 etiology endogen risk factors chronic atrophic gastritis pernicious anemia previous partial gastrectomy (antrectomy) menetrier’s disease (extreme hypertrophy of gastric rugal folds) exogen risk factors …

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nucleus to one side and lead to the characteristic appearance of a signet ring. on gross examination, diffuse-type adenocarcinomas are characterized by diffuse involvement of the stomach wall (due to loss of the cell adhesion protein e-cadherin). other types of gastric cancer primary gastric lymphoma - is a general term for a type of cancer that originates within the stomach. approximately 90 percent of patients of primary gastric lymphoma are either mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) gastric lymphoma or diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) of the stomach. malt gastric lymphoma is often associated with infection with the helicobacter pylori bacterium. gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gist) - is a type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. this type of tumor is thought to grow from specialized cells found in the gastrointestinal tract called interstitial cells of cajal (iccs) or precursors to these cells. …

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ocarcinoma diffuse type associated with loss-of-function mutations of cdh1 (tumor suppressor gene that encodes e-cadherin, a cell-adhesion protein) neoplastic cells without intercellular adhesion (due to loss of expression of e-cadherin) → infiltration of neoplastic cells within the gastric wall → diffuse thickening of the gastric wall → loss of distensibility (known as linitis plastica, or "leather-bottle" appearance) clinical presentation (symptoms) asymptomatic in early stages when the cancer is more curable by the time symptoms start, the cancer is already advanced. initial symptoms occur with insidious onset: epigastric discomfort (postprandial fullness, steady pain) anorexia nausea later symptoms as disease progresses: weight loss increased nausea and early satiety (noted in linitis plastica as the stomach is unable to distend) vomiting or gastric outlet obstruction (especially with pyloric tumors) dysphagia (especially with diffuse-type, esophagogastric and cardiac tumors) melena or hematemesis clinical presentation (signs) normal physical exam early in the disease epigastric mass indicates …

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ephropathy diagnosis of stomach cancer esophagogastroduodenoscopy (egd): diagnostic imaging procedure of choice evaluates gastric mucosa and lymph node involvement allows deep mucosal/ulcer biopsy (to distinguish benign from malignant ulcers) possible findings suggesting gastric cancer: friable ulcerated mass gastric ulcer with irregular or thickened margins (vs peptic ulcer) in linitis plastica, normal mucosa is noted but with poor stomach distensibility. diagnosis of stomach cancer double-contrast barium swallow study: low sensitivity useful in evaluating linitis plastica, which has a leather-bottle appearance staging procedures computed tomography (ct) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis: - provides information on the primary tumor and the local extent of the disease - evaluates areas for distant metastasis endoscopic ultrasonography (eus): - most reliable in evaluating depth of tumor invasion - detects regional nodal involvement and allows fine-needle aspiration of lymph node 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg)-positron emission tomography (pet) scan: - detection of occult metastatic lesions (especially in ≥ t2n0 …

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n the throat and into the stomach. surgical tools can be passed through the endoscope to remove the tumor and some layers of the normal stomach wall below and around it. (esd goes deeper into the stomach wall than emr.) these operations are not done as often in the united states as they are in some east asian countries (like japan) where stomach cancer is more common and more often found at an early stage due to screening. surgery – partial gastrectomy this procedure removes part of the stomach. doctors typically remove lymph nodes and fatty tissue as well to help ensure all the cancer is gone. this is often recommended if the cancer is only in the lower part of the stomach (in which case it is known as a distal gastrectomy). it might also be used for cancers that are only in the upper part of the stomach …

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prezentatsiya powerpoint stomach cancer general oncology table of content epidemiology etiology types of stomach cancer pathophysiology clinical presentation diagnosis treatment epidemiology 3rd-most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide high incidence in eastern asia, eastern europe, and south america regional differences noted: ↓ incidence in the united states, but ↑ in japan and south korea men > women median age at the time of diagnosis: 70 years per 10,000 population prevalence, incidence bathtub the prevalence is the number of individuals with the disease either at a specific point in time (the point prevalence) or over a specified time period (the period prevalence). the incidence of disease is the number of new cases during a specified time period. 5 10 3 5 …

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