cherep cheloveka: mozgovoy i litsevoy otdeli

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razdel 2 . osteologiya. osevoy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . 49 | s t r a n i ts a glava 5. cherep cheloveka: mozgovoy i litsevoy otdeli, razvitie. individualnie, tipo- logicheskie, polovie osobennosti cherepa. rentgenoanatomiya cherepa. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ chast 1: otdeli cherepa cheloveka cherep, cranium (ot grech. cephalon) yavlyaetsya skeletom golovi i slujit vmestilishem golovnogo mozga, organov chuvstv i nachalnix otdelov pishevaritelnogo i dixatel- nogo traktov. sostoit iz 22 kostey, ne schitaya sluxovix kostochek. sostoit iz dvux otdelov:  mozgovoy cherep, neurocranium slujit vmestilishem i zashitoy dlya golovnogo mozga i ryada organov chuvstv, mestom prikrepleniya obolochek golovnogo mozga, fiksiruya ego na meste, glotki, a takje krovenosnix sosudov i nervov. sna- ruji k kostyam krepyatsya mishtsi spini i shei, obespechivaya podvijnost golovi. mozgovoy otdel cherepa uslovno delyat na svod cherepa, calvaria i osnovanie cherepa, basis cranii.  litsevoy cherep, viscerocranium, kotorie …

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xternus osnovanie sostsevidnogo otrostka, processus mastoideus visochnoy kosti verxnyuyu viynuyu liniyu, linea nuchae superior zatilochnoy kosti narujniy zatilochniy vistup, protuberantia occipitalis externa razdel 2 . osteologiya. osevoy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 50 | s t r a n i ts a © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . kosti cherepa vzroslogo (ris. 2.5.1-2.5.6) mozgovoy otdel kosti litsa lobnaya, os frontale (×1) temennaya, os parietale (2) visochnaya, os temporale (2) zatilochnaya, os occipitale (1) klinovidnaya, os sphenoidale (1) reshetchataya, os ethmoidale (1) nosovaya, os nasale (×2) verxnyaya chelyust, maxilla (2) skulovaya, os zygomaticum (2) nijnyaya chelyust, mandibula (1) sleznaya, os lacrimale (2) nebnaya, os palatinum (2) nijnyaya nosovaya rakovina, concha nasalis inferior (2) soshnik, vomer (1) pod'yazichnaya kost, os hy- oideum (1) ris. 2.5.1. kosti cherepa. razdel 2 . osteologiya. osevoy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . 51 …

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1 – lobnaya kost; 5 – visochnaya kost; 9 – verxnyaya chelyust; 2 – temennaya kost; 6 – reshetchataya kost; 10 – skulovaya kost; 3 – zatilochnaya kost; 7 – sleznaya kost; 11 – nijnyaya chelyust. 4 – klinovidnaya kost; 8 – nosovaya kost; ris. 2.5.3. kosti cherepa (vid sboku). razdel 2 . osteologiya. osevoy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . 53 | s t r a n i ts a 1 – temennaya kost; 5 – reshetchataya kost; 9 – nebnaya kost; 2 – zatilochnaya kost; 6 – nijnyaya nosovaya rakovina; 10 – skulovaya kost; 3 – klinovidnaya kost; 7 – soshnik; 11 – nijnyaya chelyust. 4 – visochnaya kost; 8 – verxnyaya chelyust; ris. 2.5.4. kosti cherepa (vid szadi). razdel 2 . osteologiya. osevoy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 54 | s t r a n i ts a © «osteologiya» – …

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_____________________ 56 | s t r a n i ts a © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . chast 2: razvitie kostey cherepa embriogenez mozgovogo cherepa – vokrug zakladki golovnogo mozga na 1-m mesyatse vnutriutrobnogo razvitiya iz mezenximi formiru- etsya soedinitelnotkannaya obolochka (pereponchataya stadiya razvitiya cherepa). posle rojdeniya uchastki pereponchatogo cherepa soxranyayutsya v oblasti rodnichkov i shvov. pereponchatiy cherep na nijney poverxnosti embrionalnogo golovnogo mozga na 2-m mesyatse embriogeneza zameshaetsya xryashevoy tkanyu (ris. 2.5.7 – a i b) (xryashevaya stadiya razvitiya cherepa). xryashevaya tkan v pereponchatom cherepe zakladivaetsya vokrug struni  xordi (1) v vide obosoblennix xryashevix plastin (polos). ryadom s xordoy poyavlyayutsya okoloxordovie xryashi (2), speredi xordi  predxordovie xryashi (3), ryadom s yamkoy gipofiza  xryashevie cherepnie perekladini (4). iz mezenximi formiruyutsya xryashevie kapsuli dlya organov obonyaniya (5), zreniya (6) i sluxa (7). eti kapsuli srastayutsya s xryashevimi zakladkami osnovaniya cherepa. obosoblennie …

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__________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . 57 | s t r a n i ts a embriogenez litsevogo cherepa – kosti litsevogo cherepa obrazuyutsya na osnove soedinitelnoy tkani iz mezenximi sleduyushix ob- lastey:  1-y vistseralnoy dugi (nijnyaya i verxnyaya chelyusti, nebnaya i skulovaya kosti, medialnaya pla- stinka krilovidnogo otrostka, molotochek i nakovalnya);  2-y vistseralnoy dugi (pod'yazichnaya kost, stremya);  obonyatelnoy kapsuli (sleznie i nosovie kosti, soshnik). ! v svoem razvitii vse kosti litsa, za isklyucheniem nijney nosovoy rakovini i pod'yazichnoy kosti, proxodyat 2 stadii okosteneniya: 1  pereponchatuyu, 2  kostnuyu. zameshenie xryashevoy i soedinitelnoy tkani kostnoy tkanyu (kostnaya stadiya cherepa) nachinaetsya primerno s kontsa vtorogo mesyatsa vnutriutrobnogo razvitiya. v xryashevix i pereponchatix zakladkax kostey mozgovogo i litsevogo cherepa poyavlyayutsya neskolko tochek okosteneniya, kotorie slivayutsya v otdelnie kosti tolko posle rojdeniya. etot protsess for- mirovaniya definitivnix (kak u vzroslix) kostey …

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razdel 2 . osteologiya. osevoy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g., xolamov a. i. , 2013 g . 49 | s t r a n i ts a glava 5. cherep cheloveka: mozgovoy i litsevoy otdeli, razvitie. individualnie, tipo- logicheskie, polovie osobennosti cherepa. rentgenoanatomiya cherepa. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ chast 1: otdeli cherepa cheloveka cherep, cranium (ot grech. cephalon) yavlyaetsya skeletom golovi i slujit vmestilishem golovnogo mozga, organov chuvstv i nachalnix otdelov pishevaritelnogo i dixatel- nogo traktov. sostoit iz 22 kostey, ne schitaya slux...

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