present simple – hozirgi oddiy zamon

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lesson 6 present simple – hozirgi oddiy zamon. biz present simple zamonini doimiy yoki qaytarilib turadigan ish harakatga nisbatan ishlatamiz. masalan: i go to school every day. men har kuni maktabga boraman. you work at the hospital. siz shifoxonada ishlaysiz. biz present simple zamonida 3-shaxs birlik (he, she, it)dan keyin keladigan fe’llar uchun -s yoki -es qo’shimchalarini qo’shamiz. he goes to school every day. my mother (she) works at the hospital. present simple yasash uchun quyidagi formuladan foydalanamiz: subject + verb (iii+es) + object i + work + at the hospital he + goes + to school every day inkor gap yasaganimizda egadan keyin do not (do’nt) yoki does not (doesn’t) qo’yamiz. i don’t like ice cream tom (he) doesn’t work at school so’roq gap yasaganimizda esa biz doim egadan oldinga do yoki iii-shaxs birlik uchun does ni qo’yamiz. do you work at the hospital? does she speak english? iii …

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n. present continuous ni yashashda biz quyidagi strukturadan foydalanamiz. subject + to be (am, is, are) + verb + ing you + are + read + ing. sen o’qiyapsan inkor shakli yasalganda esa to be (am, is, are) dan keyin not yuklamasi qo’yiladi. you are not reading. sen o’qimayapsan. i’m not working. men ishlamayapman. so’roq shaklini yasamoqchi bo’lganimizda esa, doimgidek to be fe’lini egadan oldinga qo’yamiz: are you working? ishlayapsizmi? is he playing? u o’ynayaptimi? spelling rules (talaffuz qoidalari): work – working, read – read ing, climb – climb ing, fly – fly ing but: cut – cutting, put – putting, write – writing, dance – dancing 1. fe’llarga -ing qo’shing 2. am, is yoki are qo’yib gaplarni tugallang 3. rasmga qarang va qavs ichidagi fe’llardan foydalanib gaplarni tugallang. 4. ‘m not, aren’t yoki isn’t qo’ying 5. rasmga qarang va quyida berilgan fe’llardan foydalanib odamlarni nima qilayotganligini yozing. qisqa javob …

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g. hozirgi tugallangan zamonda har doim o’tgan zamonda bajarib tugatilgan ish harakatning natijasi hozirgi zamon bilan bog’liq bo’ladi: · ann has lost her passport – anna pasportini yo’qotdi (natijada hozir uning pasporti yo’q – natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi, ish harakatning qachon bajarilganligi esa aytilmayapti). · tom has bought a new car – tom yangi mashina sotib oldi (natijada hozir u yangi mashina minib yuribdi. qachon sotib olgan? vaqti ko’rsatilmayapti. lekin natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi!). · i have cleaned my shoes – men oyoq kiyimlarimni tozaladim (natijada ular hozir toza). so’roq shaklidaga gaplarni yasash uchun “to have” fe’li (have yoki has) egadan oldinga o’tkaziladi. keling, yuqoridagi darak shaklidagi gaplarni so’rq gaplarga aylantiraylik: · has ann lost her passport? – anna pasportini yo’qotdimi? (natijada hozir unda pasport yo’qmi?) · has tom bought a new car? – tom yangi mashina sotib oldimi? (natijada hozir unda yangi mashina bormi?) · have you …

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(inkor va so’roq gaplarda); since / for – …dan beri; never – hech qachon; ever – qachondir va boshqalar… present perfect. bu zamon o’zbek tiliga “hozirgi tugallangan zamon“, deb tarjima qilinadi. present prefect zamonida ish harakat tugagan, ammo o’sha ish-harakat natijasiga bog’liq bo’lgan, yoki natija sababli yuzagan kelgan holat vaqti tugamagan bo’ladi. qisqa qilib, ish harakat tugaydi, ammo vaqti tugamaydi, deyishimiz mumkin. buni misollarda ko’ramiz: i have bought a new car – men yangi mashina sotib oldim (sotib olganlish ish-harakatim tugab bo’ldi, ammo uning natijasi – menda yangi mashinaning borligi vaqti hali tugagani yo’q, menda hali ham o’sha mashina bor!). they have had dinner – ular tushlik qildi (ovqatlanish, tushlik qilish ish-harakati tugadi, ammo uning natijasidagi to’qlik, ochlikning mavjud emasligi holati hali tugagani yo’q. natijaning vaqti hozirda ham mavjud). he has cleaned his shoes – u oyoq kiyimlarini tozaladi (tozalash jarayoni, ish-harakati allaqachon nihoyasiga yetib bo’ldi, ammo uning natijasida kelib …

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’ldi, u vaqt o’tib ketdi! biz ularning tushlik qilishi natijasida hosil bo’lgan to’qlik hissi haqida gapirmayapmiz, balki tushlik qilish ish-harakati haqida gapirayapmiz. bu ish-harakat esa soat yettida bajarib, to’liq tugallanib bo’ldi). he cleaned his shoes 15 minutes ago – u 15 daqiqa avval oyoq kiyimlarini tozaladi (biz bu gapda uning oyoq kiyimlari qanchalik toza, yoki tozalash ish-harakatidan keyin oyoq kiyimlarda paydo bo’lgan natija haqida gapirmayapmiz. biz o’sha oyoq kiyimlarning tozalash jarayonini, bajarilgan ish-harakatning o’zini hisobga olib, uning 15 daqiqa avval bajarilib, to’liq tugaganligiga urg’u berayapmiz). present perfect zamonining natijadan tashqari yana bitta, “butun umri davomida” degan ma’nosi ham bor. bunday gaplarda yana natijaga e’tibor beriladi, ammo bu natijaning butun umri davomida bajarilgan, bajarilmagan, yoki bir necha bor bajarilganligiga ahamiyat beriladi. mana misollar: i have been to london – men londonda bo’lganman (umrim davomida, qachonligining ahamiyati yo’q, tug’ilganimdan to hozirga qadar men london shahrida bo’lib qaytganman. bu natija butun umrga tatigulik …

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lesson 6 present simple – hozirgi oddiy zamon. biz present simple zamonini doimiy yoki qaytarilib turadigan ish harakatga nisbatan ishlatamiz. masalan: i go to school every day. men har kuni maktabga boraman. you work at the hospital. siz shifoxonada ishlaysiz. biz present simple zamonida 3-shaxs birlik (he, she, it)dan keyin keladigan fe’llar uchun -s yoki -es qo’shimchalarini qo’shamiz. he goes to school every day. my mother (she) works at the hospital. present simple yasash uchun quyidagi formuladan foydalanamiz: subject + verb (iii+es) + object i + work + at the hospital he + goes + to school every day inkor gap yasaganimizda egadan keyin do not (do’nt) yoki does not (doesn’t) qo’yamiz. i don’t like ice cream tom (he) doesn’t …

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