introduction to human anatomy

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powerpoint presentation introduction to human anatomy dr. mack mbbs, ms, ph.d. assistant professor department of human anatomy samarkand state medical institute e-mail: drmack_ssmi@hotmail.com objectives introduction to human anatomy body planes skeletal organization bone formation bone classification definition: human anatomy is the branch of science examining the body structures of humans, based on dissections and the separation of body parts. the term “anatomy” is derived from the greek word "anatomē," meaning dissection and “to cut apart.” human anatomy studies the human body`s structural makeup and the position, relations, and functions of its parts. classification gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) microscopic anatomy cytology histology surface anatomy (the external body) regional anatomy (specific regions of the body) systemic anatomy (specific organ systems) subdivisions embryology developmental anatomy radiographic anatomy pathological anatomy body planes imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections transverse / horizontal frontal or coronal median or sagittal transverse …

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describe the location of the extremeties in relation to the main trunk of the body or the point of reference. body parts close to point of reference-proximal body parts away from point of reference-distal example: with the shoulder as the point of reference, the wrist is distal (further away) & elbow is proximal (closer) to shoulder. directions superior vs inferior cranial vs caudal medial vs lateral anterior vs posterior dorsal vs ventral proximal vs distal skeletal organization the actual number of bones in the human skeleton varies from person to person typically there are about 206 bones (20% of body mass) skeleton is divided into : axial skeleton (80 bones) appendicular skeleton (126 bones) bone formation all embryonic connective tissue begins as mesenchyme. bone formation is termed osteogenesis or ossification and begins when mesenchymal cells provide the template for subsequent ossification. two types of ossification occur. intramembranous ossification is the …

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elops into woven bone and the periosteum. stages of intramembranous ossification stages of intramembranous ossification stages of intramembranous ossification stages of intramembranous ossification endochondral ossification endochondrial ossification involves replacement of cartilage by bone and forms most of the bones of the body the first step in endochondrial ossification is the development of the cartilage model. begins in the second month of development uses hyaline cartilage “bones” as models for bone construction requires breakdown of hyaline cartilage prior to ossification endochondral bone formation development of cartilage model mesenchymal cells form a cartilage model of the bone during development growth of cartilage model in length by chondrocyte cell division and matrix formation ( interstitial growth) in width by formation of new matrix on the periphery by new chondroblasts from the perichondrium (appositional growth) stages of endochondral ossification formation of bone collar cavitation of the hyaline: cartilage cells in mid- region burst and …

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cartilage cartilage on ends of bone remains as articular cartilage. 1 formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model. 2 3 4 cavitation of the hyaline cartilage within the cartilage model. invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation. 5 ossification of the epiphyses; when completed, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues; appearance of secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses in preparation for stage 5. hyaline cartilage primary ossification center bone collar deteriorating cartilage matrix spongy bone formation blood vessel of periostea l bud secondary ossification center epiphyseal blood vessel medullary cavity epiphyseal plate cartilage spongy bone articular cartilage stages of endochondral ossification functions of bone support & protection to soft tissues attachment site for the muscles making the movement possible storage of the minerals, calcium & phosphate -- mineral homeostasis blood cell …

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lar complex shape protect internal organs vertebrae, facial bones sesamoid small and round, embedded in tendons protect tendons from compressive forces patella parts of a long bone epiphysis distal proximal diaphysis metaphysis compact bone spongy bone articular cartilage periosteum endosteum medullary cavity trabeculae bone marrow red marrow and yellow marrow thank you ! image1.gif image2.gif image3.jpg image4.jpg image5.jpg image6.jpg image7.jpg image8.jpg image9.jpg image10.jpg image11.jpg image12.jpg image13.jpg image14.jpg image15.jpg image16.jpg image17.jpg image18.jpg image19.jpg image20.png image21.png image22.png image23.png image24.png image25.png image26.jpg image27.png image28.jpg image29.png /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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powerpoint presentation introduction to human anatomy dr. mack mbbs, ms, ph.d. assistant professor department of human anatomy samarkand state medical institute e-mail: drmack_ssmi@hotmail.com objectives introduction to human anatomy body planes skeletal organization bone formation bone classification definition: human anatomy is the branch of science examining the body structures of humans, based on dissections and the separation of body parts. the term “anatomy” is derived from the greek word "anatomē," meaning dissection and “to cut apart.” human anatomy studies the human body`s structural makeup and the position, relations, and functions of its parts. classification gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) microscopic anatomy cytology histology surface anatomy (the external body) regional a...

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