lexicology glossary

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glossary версия для печати general notions: lexicology - a branch of linguistics which studies the vocabulary of the language. the term lexicology is composed of two greek morphemes: ‘lexis’ meaning ‘word, phrase’ and ‘logos’ which denotes ‘learning, science’. thus, the literal meaning of the term lexicology is ‘the science of the word’. lexicology deals with words, word-forming morphemes (derivational affixes) and word-groups or phrases. types of lexicology: general lexicology is part of general linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of any particular language. special lexicology is the lexicology of a particular language (e.g. english, russian, etc.), i.e. the study and description of its vocabulary and vocabulary units, primarily words as the main units of the language. desсriptive lexicology deals with the vocabulary and vocabulary units of a particular language at a certain time. historical lexicology deals with the evolution of the vocabulary …

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cture: morpheme is the smallest two-facet unit (it has sound form and meaning) to be found within the word which is studied on the morphological level of analysis. all morphemes are subdivided into two large classes: root (free) morphemes and non-root (bound) morphemes. bound morphemes are represented by grammatical (inflections) and derivational (affixes) morphemes. affixes include suffixes, prefixes, infixes and semi-affixes. semantic features – root morphemes (have individual lexical meaning) and non-root morphemes (have generalized meaning). root-morphemes are the semantic centre of the words and the basic constituent part without which the word is inconceivable. non-root morphemes include grammatical morphemes (inflections) and derivational morphemes (affixes). inflections carry only grammatical meaning reflecting grammatical categories (tense, number, person, degree, etc.). affixes are relevant for building various types of stems – the part of a word that remains unchanged throughout its paradigm. lexicology is concerned only with affixational morphemes, but not with inflectional …

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an affix and as a free morpheme (a word). for example, the morpheme well and half, on the one hand, occur as free morphemes that coincide with the stem and the word-form in utterances like sleep well, half an hour, on the other hand, they occur as bound morphemes in words like well-known, half-eaten, half-done. according to the derivative structure all words fall into such classes: simplexes (simple), non-derived words and complexes (derivatives). simple words are words which derivationally cannot be segmented into ics, e.g. hand, come, blue, etc. derivatives are words which are made up of two ics, i.e. binary units, e.g. friendly+ness, un+wifely, school-master+ish, etc. all derivatives are marked by the fixed order of their ics. stem is the part of a word that remains unchanged throughout its paradigm. structurally the stems may be: a) simple, which consist of only one, semantically non-motivated constituent. it is phonetically and …

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), work (-ing), etc. word formation: word formation is the branch of lexicology which studies the derivative structure of the words and the structural and semantic formulas and patterns after which the new words are created in a language. productive ways of forming words are such types of word-formation which are frequently used to create new words. those types of word-formation which cannot or seldom produce new words are commonly termed non-productive or unproductive. productivity of word-building ways is their ability of making new words (neologisms) which all who speak english find no difficulty in understanding. neologism is a word that is formed according to productive word formation pattern or borrowed from another language in recent times and felt as new. terms ‘occasionalism’ , ‘nonce-word’ and ‘ad hoc word’ are used to describe words made for special occasion and not necessarily entering the dictionary affixation is generally defined as the …

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native (both components semantically relevant). reduplicative compounds are based on onomatopoeic repetition: hush-hush, blah-blah. conversion is a highly productive way of word-formation by means of transferring one part of speech to another by changing its paradigm, but without altering its initial form (neither phonetic nor graphical changes within the paradigm), e.g. cf. my work— i work; (the) dog’s bark — he dogs his girlfriend, etc. shortening is the process of word-formation by means of dropping some part of the words. it includes abbreviation and clipping. (letter) abbreviation is the process of replacement of longer phrases (names of well-known organisations, agencies and institutions, political parties, famous people, official offices) to the initial letters the whole group stands for. they are normally pronounced letter by letter, e.g. jfk = john fitzgerald kennedy; cbw = chemical and biological warfare, dod = department of defence (of the usa), sst = supersonic transport, etc. acronyms …

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glossary версия для печати general notions: lexicology - a branch of linguistics which studies the vocabulary of the language. the term lexicology is composed of two greek morphemes: ‘lexis’ meaning ‘word, phrase’ and ‘logos’ which denotes ‘learning, science’. thus, the literal meaning of the term lexicology is ‘the science of the word’. lexicology deals with words, word-forming morphemes (derivational affixes) and word-groups or phrases. types of lexicology: general lexicology is part of general linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of any particular language. special lexicology is the lexicology of a particular language (e.g. english, russian, etc.), i.e. the study and description of its vocabulary and vocabulary units, primarily ...

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