pronunciation terms glossary

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glossary of pronunciation terms the articulatory system accentedness: this describes listeners’ judgment of whether a speaker’s pronunciation fits into the norms of standard pronunciation that they expect to hear. (we ask, “does this person have a noticeable accent?”) allophones: variations of a phoneme that are still heard to be the same sound are called allophones of the same phoneme. they’re different sounds that function as the same sound. changing from one allophone to another doesn’t change meaning, although it may make the word sound strange. alphabetic principle: the understanding that written words are composed of letters, and the letters represent the sounds of spoken words. articulatory system: the parts of the body that are used in producing sounds. these parts are shown in the picture on the right. (click the picture to enlarge it.) 1. lips 2. teeth 3. alveolar ridge (tooth ridge) 4. hard palate 5. soft palate (velum) …

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ion form of to is /tuw/. closed syllable: a syllable that ends in a consonant sound, like sun, bat, made, or the last syllable in return. communicability: this describes how well a speaker’s pronunciation lets him/her function and communicate in the real-life situations he/she faces. (we ask, “can this person communicate?”) consonant: a sound in which the air stream meets some obstacles on its way up from the lungs. words like “big,” “map,” and “see” begin with consonants. consonant blends or consonant clusters: combinations of letters that represent a sequence of sounds, such as “str” in “street” or “mp” in “lamp.” consonant chart: a table that shows all the consonants of a language, categorizing them by place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. click here to see a consonant chart for north american english. content words: words that have lexical meaning, not grammatical meaning, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, …

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distinctive feature analysis: a way of analyzing two languages to determine which sound features are different, to determine what to emphasize in pronunciation teaching. (the focus is on features that might affect many different sounds, such as voicing, aspiration, or nasalization, rather than on single sounds.) drama techniques: techniques borrowed from acting, such as breathing practice exercises, voice warm-ups, role play, and skits. duration: the length of time that a sound lasts. emphatic stress: when a speaker stresses one word in a sentence because it’s important and he/she wants to emphasize it. for example, “no, i do not want to eat a dead lizard.” english as a foreign language (efl): english is being taught in a country where english is not commonly spoken. english as an international language (eil): english instruction is designed for learners who will need to communicate with people from many different backgrounds, both native and non-native …

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meaning rather than lexical meaning, such as articles, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. they don’t have much meaning in themselves; they show the relationship between other words. functional load: a way of measuring how important the contrast between two sounds is in a language. if there are many minimal pairs with two sounds, the contrast between those sounds has a high functional load. if there are few minimal pairs with those two sounds, then the contrast has a low functional load. it’s usually more useful to teach contrasts with a high functional load than those with a low functional load. glottal stop: a sound produced by closing the vocal cords tightly and releasing them quickly, like the beginning o a small cough, or the middle sound when we say “huh-uh” to mean “no.” it’s represented by this symbol: [ʔ]. grapheme: a written symbol that represents a sound. in english, the letters …

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glossary of pronunciation terms the articulatory system accentedness: this describes listeners’ judgment of whether a speaker’s pronunciation fits into the norms of standard pronunciation that they expect to hear. (we ask, “does this person have a noticeable accent?”) allophones: variations of a phoneme that are still heard to be the same sound are called allophones of the same phoneme. they’re different sounds that function as the same sound. changing from one allophone to another doesn’t change meaning, although it may make the word sound strange. alphabetic principle: the understanding that written words are composed of letters, and the letters represent the sounds of spoken words. articulatory system: the parts of the body that are used in producing sounds. these parts …

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