the geography of samarkand region

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the geography of samarkand region g’ulomjonova gulasal geography samarkand is located in uzbekistan in the valley of the zeravshan river. the land surrounding samarkand is arid and windswept, and caravans of camels and horses made their way along well-trodden dirt pathways between the oasis-like cities of merv (present-day mary), bukhara, and samarkand on their way east to kashgar (kashi in present-day western china), southward toward bactria (present-day afghanistan), and into the indian subcontinent through the khyber pass and peshawar, or through the valley of kashmir to the cities of northern punjab and the ganges plain. in the central asian flatlands, travel was relatively easy, especially with the cities spaced at comfortable distances. but caravans making longer trips had to navigate treacherous mountains, deserts, and waterways. the central asian mountain ranges — the hindu kush, the pamirs, the kunlun, and the himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world — provided …
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an empire, the region around samarkand fell to the kushans, sasanian persians, and turks, all eager to control this area. in the early 8th century the region was conquered by the arabs, who made it a center of islamic culture. just as alexander the great expanded his empire throughout west, central, and south asia, so too did the mongol emperor genghis (chinghis) khan in the 13th century. in 1220 he conquered central asia and destroyed samarkand. after his death, his vast empire was divided into four geographical areas, and central asia entered a period in which rulers vied with one another for control of lands. in the late 14th century, eager to reconstitute genghis khan's empire, timur, leader of a small turkic tribe in samarkand, subdued the ottoman turks, swept through iran, present-day iraq, the caucasus, and northern india, and conquered the other tribes in central asia to establish his …
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the geography of samarkand region g’ulomjonova gulasal geography samarkand is located in uzbekistan in the valley of the zeravshan river. the land surrounding samarkand is arid and windswept, and caravans of camels and horses made their way along well-trodden dirt pathways between the oasis-like cities of merv (present-day mary), bukhara, and samarkand on their way east to kashgar (kashi in present-day western china), southward toward bactria (present-day afghanistan), and into the indian subcontinent through the khyber pass and peshawar, or through the valley of kashmir to the cities of northern punjab and the ganges plain. in the central asian flatlands, travel was relatively easy, especially with the cities spaced at comfortable distances. but caravans making longer trips had to navigat...

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